The Slowakei is administrative since 1996 into 8 landscape federations (kraje) and 79 districts (okresy) partitions.

Terms

To assist in the understanding of the slowakischen technical terms in the following some short explanations and translation assistance:

• kraj (majority kraje) a administrative unit, translated on German landscape federation, is in addition, as gau, area, country, landscape, region, administrative district ("“region"” is derived from the usual English translation);
• okres (majority okresy) is mentioned a lower administrative unit, in the following on German district, also with circle or large district is translated;
• obvod (majority obvody), in the following on German range, one translates also with district, district or circle (the term contentwise constantly changes its meaning; to details see Okres)
• obec (majority obce), on German municipality.

Concrete arrangements

The Slowakei is partitioned after the following three classification principles into the following smaller "“units"”.

Area organization

There are the following "“levels"” the area organization:

• Landscape federations (kraje): 8
• Districts (okresy): 79
• Municipalities (obce): 2.891 (on 31 December 2002)

National administration

Since July 1996 (with the change to 1 January 2004, stated down) there are the following "“levels"” the national administration:

• Government, Ministries and central executive bodies
• Office for landscape federation (sl. rad): responsibly for a landscape federation; becomes from an executive committee (sl. prednosta) led
• Office for range (sl. rad): for (area) a range (sl. obvod), i.e. a group of districts, responsibly; by an executive committee one leads; the offices for range were only introduced to 1 January 2004, when the offices for district ( rady) were abolished and in most cases replaced by "“working premises of the office for range"” (pracovisko radu), which have however only rudimentary authority

Territorial autonomy

In the Slowakei are there two kinds of autonomy units. They are bodies, more exactly said after slowakischem right "“legal entities"”. The landscape federation turned around (in this connection) the municipality not superordinately or:

Autonomy landscape federation ( kraj) or higher Gebietseinheit ( zemn , so e.g. in the slowakischen condition) or rarely Gespanschaft ("župa*, of the linguists and historians forces): to 1 January 2002 imported; a "“agency"” has (sl. zastupitelstvo, i.e. selected parliament) and a directly selected "“chairman of the autonomy landscape federation/the autonomy of the higher Gebietseinheit"” (sl. predseda kraja/samosprvy vy"š"šieho celku), which is called sometimes shortened also "“Gespan"” ("župan) *; the autonomy landscape federations are identical according to a law of 1996 from the area to (government) the landscape federations.

Municipality (obec): already 1990 imported; has likewise a "“agency"” and a directly selected "“mayor"” (starosta) and/or municipalities, which are cities, a mayor ; the municipal office as well as the local constabulary are directly subordinated to the mayor. The municipalities Bratislava and Ko"šice have exeptionally two levels of the municipality autonomy: City (the municipal authorities administration in such a way specified) and quarters. They have accordingly also a mayor and several mayors in the individual quarters. The allocation of the authority is regulated by special laws for the two cities.

*Die terms "“"župa"” and "“"župan"” are avoided by the population (still), because them become outdated on the one hand sound (Gespanschaften gave it until 1927 and then 1940 - to 1945) and/or one erroneously assumes that it concerns Hungarian terms (more details see under Gespanschaft), on the other hand because the word has "župa on "“"žumpa"” (liquid manure pit) reminded and the word "“"župan"” also the meaning "“morning skirt"”.

List of the landscape federations (kraje)

The names 8 kraje/ kraje/ (just like those okresy) were derived from the names of their respective state capitals (down in parentheses):

• kraj (Bratislava), German Bratislavaer landscape federation
• kraj (Trnava), German Tyrnauer landscape federation
• Trenciansky kraj German Trentschiner landscape federation
• Nitriansky kraj (Nitra), German Neutraer landscape federation
• kraj ("Žilina), German Silleiner Lanschaftsverband
• kraj Bystrica), German Neusohler landscape federation
• kraj (Pre"šov), German Eperieser landscape federation
• kraj (Ko"šice), German Kaschauer landscape federation

In the above list the word can be replaced kraj through in each case kraj or .

History

There are already districts in the Slowakei since that 19. Century (see Okres), however with very often changing authority, borders and number (for example 1949-1960: 89, 1960-1968: 33, 1968-1996: 37, later 38).

To 1 January 1949 into the Slowakei for the first time landscape federations were introduced - at that time 6: kraj, Nitriansky kraj, kraj, kraj, kraj and kraj. They had however completely in each case different borders and authority than their current successors. 1960 were reduced their number to three; so the kraj (Ostslowaki landscape federation), the kraj (Mittelslowaki landscape federation) and the developed kraj (Westslowaki landscape federation). On 1 January 1969 Bratislava received a special status as "“capital of the Slowaki socialist republic"”. To 1 July 1969 the landscape federations were abolished in the Slowakei (contrary to Tschechien) temporarily, them had to be introduced however to the course of the normalization regime after the failed Prager spring 1970 again. Bratislava remained thereby a kind fourth landscape federation. This administrative arrangement held up to the end of communism in the Slowakei (Samtene revolution of 1989). Bratislava was partitioned in this time in obvody (1960-1971: 12, 1971-1985: 4, 1985-1990/1996 5). This Obvody identical to the today's five Bratislavaer districts functioned for the 1970er years (also) as districts, otherwise however Bratislava was considered as only one district.

In September 1990 on the one hand the four landscape federations abolished (after some sources they purely formally existed without authority of far), on the other hand were defined municipalities after long time again also as autonomy units. 38 districts and 121 became obvody.

In July 1996 the current 8 landscape federations were finally introduced, which consist of 79 districts, and which became 121 obvody abolished. In December 2001 the autonomy landscape federations were introduced. To 1 January 2004 the districts were finally abolished as part of the public administration (the offices for district are called) and but rady (see under above: national administration) imported. At the same time since 2001 the authority of the two autonomy levels is increased constantly, last by a law, by which they are to receive starting from 2005 extensive authority in the tax and financial area.

See also

• List of traditional regions of the Slowakei
• List of the tourism regions of the Slowakei
• List of the cities and municipalities in the Slowakei

Related links

• Summary page over the slowakische administrative arrangement (on Slowakisch)
• Information to all places of the Slowakei (on Slowakisch)
• Overview of all district cities of the Slowakei
• Geographical data to all places in the Slowakei (on English)
• Good info. side to the Slowaki regions and places (slowakisch, in the structure)

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