Carl Daniel Adolph Douai (* 22 February 1819 in old person castle, duchy Saxonia old person castle; "† 21 January 1888 in Brooklyn, New York town center, the USA) was a German-American journalist, author, a newspaper publisher, a social reformer (Marxist) and a paedagogue, one of the first founders of a kindergarten in the USA.

Family

It came of to a teacher family and was the son of the teacher Carl Eduard Douai and the Eleonora Scheyer

Douai married on 25 September 1843 in decaying joke with Jena (duchy Saxonia old person castle) Agnes Freiin of Beust (* 18 February 1819 in Dresden, Saxonia; "† 13 December 1898 in Brooklyn, New York, the USA), the daughter of the Maximilian baron von Beust (185-1832) and the Charlotte Freiin of Haacke (1788-1861). The married couple Douai had 10 children (2 sons and 8 daughters).

Life

In a revolutionary manner in Germany

Already at the age of 4 years Douai is to have learned letters, vintages and a counting with its father. It visited the High School in old person castle and studied afterwards with a scholarship of the city old person castle at the University of Leipzig theology, philology and history. it went to 1841 on a study trip of several years, which led it among other things also into the Baltic after Estonia, where he worked as a private teacher. During this time it attained a doctorate at the University of Dorpat to the doctor of the philology. In the self-instruction it acquired extensive knowledge of the world literature and the modern natural sciences. Only 1846 it, in the meantime for three years married, turned into its hometown old person castle back, where it successfully led a new Privatschule created by it, which gave preference to the natural sciences and modern languages deviating from classical instructional contents.

He took part engaged in the German movement, wrote articles for different newspapers, in which he expressed himself for the revolutionary goals, and belonged to the prominent republicans in the duchy Saxonia old person castle. In its writing "„the ABC of socialism " from 1851 it followed closely the educational opinions Friedrich William August (1782-1852). Because of its revolutionary, socialist commitment Douai was placed at least five times before court and received also two detentions, under it one year prison, and professional disqualification. After its release it moved like many intellectual ones and free philosophers after Texas out (see: Forty Eighters).

Journalist and paedagogue in the USA

Douai reached Texas in May 1852, kept themselves first short with other refugees in "„the Latin Settlement "“Sisterdale (Texas) (Kendall County) with Nicolaus zinc (1812-1887) up and settled then in new brown rock in the neighbouring Comal County, where it created immediately a school. But already in the following year 1853 pulled it it after San Antonio (Texas) (Bexar County), where he became the publisher of the again created "„San Antonio newspaper "“.

This newspaper had educational and literary contents at the beginning, but already soon Douai used it as platform against the slavery (Abolitionismus). In a series of editorials it ranted against the slavery as an evil, which was incompatible with the ideals of the democracy and a nation demanded "„free farmers on own soil "“, with which it harvested all-side sharpest protests. This went even so far that Freiwillige of the local German "„turn association had to protect "“its office against furious slavery proponents.

The general dislike of the German immigrants against the slavery separated it from their anglo American neighbours, in addition the Germans differed by language and culture. Their everyday life consisted however at that time predominantly of agriculture, handicraft and trade, so that they could live even as the smaller group of peoples relatively independently.

But after the texanischen state State of (Texas State Convention) in the year 1854 the support for Douais ideas began to shrink also within this group of the German immigrants. Several German localities written resolutions against his newspaper and buyers refused the circuit of announcements. Whereupon the partners decided to sell the newspaper and she bought Douai together with the American landscape architect and travel writer Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903).

Douai continued its fight against the slavery in the newspaper invariably and demanded finally in the expenditure from 9 February 1855 even its own free state in the western part of Texas. When however 1856 the incomes continued to decrease, it sold its portion of Gustav Schleicher (1823-1879) and left Texas.

Douai went schen conceptions (probably) into the north states to Boston (Massachusetts), created there again a school and a 1859 after to' the first public kindergarten of the USA - under the patronage of a worker association created by it (note: Margarethe Schurz had however already furnished the first private kindergarten in its house to 1856 - see there). It joined the new republican party and traveled by the country, in order to interest its German compatriots in this party.

But because of its admitted atheism it got 1860 also in Boston annoyance with its opponents and left the city already again.

It continued to pull after Hoboken (new jersey), where he became a director of a German school and in addition editor-in-chief of the New Yorker one "„Democrat "“. In the year 1866 it pulled finally directly to New York town center, where it supported the mechanism of kindergartens. It created several schools, wrote to 1871 a kindergarten manual and formulated guidelines for education. When he was always endeavored leaders and teachers of these schools and kindergartens to convert educational guidelines into the practice.

In the years 1868 to 1870 he was publisher of a worker newspaper, the New Yorker one "„worker union "“, and was in New York a prominent Marxist. From 1878 to its death in the year 1888 it was ten years long new together with Alexander Jonas of the publishers "„of the Yorker people newspaper "“, one of the most long-lived newspapers of the USA.

Douai an excellent pianist was private, arose even with social causes with other musicians publicly and composed more than 60 music pieces. While its years in San Antonio it created the singing association, which it also led and whose members it led 1853 after new brown rock, when there the first "„singer celebration took place "“.

For the end of its life it had written altogether 35 books and its memoirs over its life in Texas.

Bibliografie

• The ABC of socialism, old person castle 1851
• The kindergarten. A manual for the Introduction OF system OF Primary Education into the Public Schools, and for the use OF Mothers and private Teachers, New York 1871 - translation in the Japanese of Shinzo Seki, Tokyo (Japan) 1876
• Kindergarten and elementary school as social-democratic institutes. Leipzig 1876

Literature

• Justine Davis Randers Pehrson: Adolph Douai 1819-1888, The turbulent Life OF A German Forty Eighter into the Homeland and into the United States, Peter long Publications Inc., 2000, ISBN 0820448818
• Paul Mitzenheim: Adolf Douai - mediators of ideas to the USA and Japan, in: "„Friedrich in Japan and Germany "“, Hrsg.: Helmut Heiland and Karl Neumann, Weinheim 1998

Related links

• Biografie
• Gerd high village: and workers' movement

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