Aloisius Lilius (* approx. 1510 in or Kalabrien; "† 1576 probably in Rome) actually Luigi Lilio or Giglio, were an Italian physician and philosopher. It is considered as the mental author of the Gregorian calendar.

From Lilius' life is not anything admits up to the year 1552, where it already taught at the university of Perugia. In this year it was recommended to the later Pope Marcellus II. by cardinal Marcello Cervini, for a salary increase than an excellent and revered professor. This may also explain that he could not experience 30 years later no more the introduction of the new calendar. Briefly after Lilius' death 1576 handed over its brother its handwritten reform draft to Antonio at Pope Gregor XIII. The Pope and its panel of experts took over it with only a small change.

The printed version of Lilius' manual is in the Italian national library to Florenz. It is called with PERITIS MATHEMATICIS and contains a clear reference to the author: starting from Aloisio Lilio CO (n) scriptus (of Aloisius Lilius writes).

The brother Antonio tried many years later in vain to attain an exclusive pressure right for the new calendars.

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