The group of the aluminum alloys covers the aluminum materials relevant for practice. They result from Zulegieren of other metals, predominantly manganese, magnesium, copper, silicon, nickel and zinc. As base material Al99,5 (EN AW-1050A) in most cases serves. In this way the mechanical properties can be increased within wide limits and affected also different characteristics.

According to whether the desired strength increase is reached only by alloy elements as well as cold working or however primarily by a hardening treatment (thermal treatment), one differentiates between the hardenable and the not-hardenable (nature-hard) alloys.

A further distinction results from the kind of the processing: Kneading or cast materials. Among the kneading machine materials the nature-hard alloys of the type AlMn, AlMg, and AlMgMn as well as the hardenable alloys of the kinds AlCuMg, AlCuSiMn, AlMgSi, AlZnMg and AlZnMgCu essentially rank except Reinst and pure aluminium. They are converted to semi-finished material in the form of volumes, sheet metals and Ronden, pipes bars and wires, extruded sections as well as forgings. To the cast materials the alloys of the kind AlSi, AlSiMg, AlSiCu, AlMg, AlMgSi, AlCuTi, AlCuTiMg belong.

Aluminum forgeable alloys

Aluminum forgeable alloy all aluminum alloys are called, which are worked on particularly by transforming (rollers, extrusion).

Already small additives of the alloying elements magnesium, silicon, copper, zinc, nickel and manganese change very strongly the characteristics of pure aluminum. In particular firmness and hardness are lowered increased, the electrical conductivity, while the forming capacity diminishes only small. These alloys show a high ductility, one call it therefore aluminum forgeable alloys. Aluminum forgeable alloys are used due to their high firmness and small density as materials for transport containers as well as construction parts in the construction of vehicles, aircraft construction, and building of ships.

Overview of the designation system from aluminum forgeable alloys to DIN EN 573-3/DIN EN 573-4

• 1xxx - not hardenable - strengtheningnesses mentioned from 70 to 190 N/mm also pure aluminium. Weldable. Very corrosion resistant, use for chemical tanks and pipes. High electrical conductivity.

• 2xxx - can be hardened - strengtheningnesses from 190 to 430 N/mm - copper-alloys (0.7 to 6.8%) - use in airplane and space travel - high firmness - large temperature range. Some alloys do not apply due to the cracking tendency when welding as weldable - welding agent mostly for 2xxx, sometimes also 4xxx.

• 3xxx - not hardenable - strengtheningnesses from 110 to 280 N/mm - aluminum manganese alloys with middle firmness, good corrosion resistance - good mouldability - suitably even for higher temperatures - operational area of pots over radiators in vehicles (here often plated with 4xxx) up to the power plant construction. Welding agent 1xxx, 4xxx and 5xxx

• 4xxx - Harden-cash and not hardenable alloys - strengtheningnesses from 170 to 380 N/mm - aluminum silicon alloys (SI 0.6 to 21.5%) - only series the hardenable and not hardenable alloys contains - silicon reduces the melting point and makes the melt more highly liquidly - ideal for welding and soldering additives

• 5xxx - not hardenable - strengtheningnesses of 120 to 350 N/mm - aluminum magnesium (mg 0.2 to 6.2%) - highest strengtheningnesses under the not hardenable aluminum alloys - weldable - use in the building of ships, transport, pressure vessel, bridges and buildings. Welding agent must be determined according to magnesium content. Aluminum from this series with more than 3.0% mg is not suitable for temperatures over 65"° (stress corrosion) - materials with less than approx. 2.5% mg can be welded often successfully with 5xxx or 4xxx welding agents. 5032 one calls usually as the material with the highest mg content, which is weldable straight still with 4xxx.

• 6xxx - hardenable - strengtheningnesses from 120 to 400 N/mm - aluminum/magnesium - silicon alloys (SI and mg around the 1%) very popular with welded structures - use predominantly as extruded sections - can become well heat treated - should not be welded without welding agent (heat cracks) - welding agents 4xxx and 5xxx

• 7xxx - hardenable - strengtheningnesses from 220 to 600 N/mm - aluminum - zinc (Zn 0.8 to 12.0%) - use in aircraft construction, space travel, sport devices. Some alloys are not weldable with arcs. The alloys 7005 and 7020 are well weldable with 5xxx welding agents.

For the hardening by precipitation additionally the presence of magnesium is necessary.

List more typically in the industry use of finding aluminum alloys:

• Aludur (0.3-1% silicon, 0.3-0.8% manganese and 0.5-1.2% magnesium)
• Aluman (1.1% manganese)
• Duralumin (2.5-5.5% copper, 0.2-0.5% magnesium, 0.5-1.2% manganese and 0.2-1.0% silicon)
• Hydronalium (3-12% magnesium, 0.2-0.8% manganese and 0.2-1.0% silicon)
• (to 14% silicon)

Aluminum cast alloys

Aluminum forms with silicon a crystal mixture, for aluminum silicon an alloy with approximately 12 % silicon

It melts with 576"° Celsius, possesses outstanding casting characteristics (fluidity, small shrinking) and has high firmness. It can be welded generally well and is corrosion resistant. Portions of magnesium and copper increase the firmness. Copper reduces however the corrosion resistance.

Aluminum cast alloys with these elements are used as materials e.g. for engine housings and transmission cases in the vehicle and aircraft construction.

Articles in category "Aluminum alloy"

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