A broadcasting corporation is a society, which operates radio and television programs.

It distinctive between public, private and national Rundfunkgesellschaften.Die of most countries of the European union have today dual a broadcast system.

Germany

Generally

Legal basis for all broadcasting corporations in Germany are the national medium laws of the Lands of the Federal Republic. For the standardization of the legislation and to the mechanism of country wide programs (Second Channel of German Television and Germany radio) the countries in conventions agree, e.g. Broadcast state contracts, common regulations for broadcast order.

In Germany only the legals form of the public and the private broadcast exist. This dual broadcast system 1984 were introduced first to at that time western part of Germany. The former broadcast of the GDR was national.

Public broadcast

The public broadcasting corporations are assigned by the state the basic supply at sound broadcasting and television. Nearly everything is operated in the legal form of an institute of the public right, called also broadcasting corporations. To them the national broadcasting corporations (pool of broadcasting corporations) and the federal broadcasting corporations (Second Channel of German Television and German wave) Only exception is the Germany radio, which was established as a body of the public right.

The broadcasting corporations have the following organs:

• an executive body, which meets important personal, structure and programme decisions, depending upon institute a director or a committee. The term director originates from the early period of the broadcast in the Weimar Republic, when it was politically intended to create a politics-free broadcast. At the point of the institutes persons from the world of the theatre therefore often stood
• a control organ, which controls, with important decisions advises the decisions of the executive or contributes and gives a framework for the program. The organ is called o depending upon institute broadcast council, television advice (Second Channel of German Television). In it different social groups are represented after a firm dispatching key depending upon the appropriate law situation (e.g. trade unions, churches, artistic and economical federations). It is criticized that depending upon underlying law a large part of the members in the broadcast councils is determined by the respective policy, if federal state governments or state parliaments participate in the appointment of the organ members.
• some institutes possess beyond that a board of directors, that makes organizational decisions, which are made neither by the line of the institute however nor by the broadcast council.

The public broadcasting corporations finance themselves by broadcast fees, which are raised from the operators of appropriate receivers. For the determination of the height of this fee first an expert commission (in Germany the KEF) determines that sum, which the institutes need for their order for program, inventory protection and development, which are to be guaranteed according to Federal Constitutional Court. The state parliaments decide then on this basis the height of the fee. The recovery of the fees takes place in Germany via the SGD.

Private broadcast

Private broadcasting corporations are operated as GmbHs or corporations.

Austria

The Austrian broadcast (ORF) is a donation of the public right.

See also

List of the television stations

Articles in category "Broadcasting corporation"

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