The capital productivity is a productivity measure. On the one hand and to the capital stick (inventory size), necessary for it, on the other hand it indicates the relationship between the output (current size). Instead of the capital stick also the wear of the capital stick of the underlying period (current size) could be used.

The Federal Statistical Office in the context of its publications to the economical Gesamtrechnung proves a capital productivity, by setting the gross domestic product (GROS DOMESTIC PRODUCT) in constant prices (last the yearly 1995) into the relationship to the capital stick. The latter is likewise computed the gross fixed assets in constant prices.

Kapitalkoeffizient

The reciprocal value of the capital productivity is called Kapitalkoeffizient.

Capital productivity as formula represented:

\ mbox {capital productivity} = \ frac {\ mbox {national product}} {\ mbox {capital stick}} = \ frac {\ mbox {Y}} {\ mbox {K}}

Kapitalkoeffizient as formula represented:

\ mbox {Kapitalkoeffizient} = \ frac {\ mbox {capital stick}} {\ mbox {national product}} = \ frac {\ mbox {K}} {\ mbox {Y}}

Incremental Kapitalkoeffizient

In order to determine the capital productivity or its reciprocal value, the Kapitalkoeffizienten, empirically, must the capital stick admits to be. Since its measurement is not so simple, sometimes one makes do with the incremental Kapitalkoeffizienten. As "“incremental Kapitalkoeffizient"”, English "“Inc. rem valley capital output ratio"” (ICOR), is definert:

\ mbox {incremental Kapitalkoeffizient} = \ frac {\ delta K} {\ delta Y}

For \ delta Y the change of the gross domestic product from the year t can be used to the year t+n and for \ delta K the appropriate change of the capital stick, represented by the gross asset investments of the years t to t+n. (Strictly taken one would have to use the net investments and the net national product. Since this however in the results hardly something would change, simplifies the gross domestic product and the gross asset investments taken.)

A rising incremental Kapitalkoeffizient indicates that a ever more largely werdene increase of the capital stick is necessary, in order to achieve a certain increase GROS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. The diagram gives the development of the incremental Kapitalkoeffizienten, computed in each case during one period of 4 years of (1960-1964) to (2000-2004). The development is represented for the countries of the triad, thus the three largest national economies of the world, which combine together scarcely half of the world gros domestic product on itself.

Explanations

The capital productivity defined as (gross) national product in relation to the capital stick (Kapitaleinsatz) represents a kind upper limit for overall economic profitability (profit rate). The national product sits down together (up to some transnational income stream) from the profit and to the Lohneinkommen. The profit incomes in relation to the capital stick can be understood as overall economic profitability (profit rate). If now the capital productivity decreases, then this profitability can be kept only upright, as the portion of the Lohneinkommen of the national product (wage ratio) is back-pushed at the same time. Desirable is thus a stable capital productivity, since otherwise distribution conflicts are announced. Is to be still considered that the Kapitaleinsatz does not only consist of the value of the capital stick, but also payments in advance, cash attitude etc. to consider are. In addition reductions of taxes for the enterprises can also stabilize profitability after taxes. All these measures run however possibly when out, if the trend of sinking capital productivity continues.

Related links

• Federal Statistical Office
• Press release of the StBA to the with statistic data to the FRG
• Data source: Ameco data base of the agencies of the European Union commission

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