The Carabinieri (Arma dei Carabinieri, dt.: "“Carabinieri troop"”) are a police Gendarmerie with nearly history and since 1 April 2000 its own armed service beside army, navy and Air Force in the Italian army. They belong organizational to the Ministry of Defense, that finances also the household of the Carabinieri. Off military and administrative interests they are subordinate however to the ministry of the Interior, which is instruction-authorized in relation to all Italian police units. The Carabinieri is militarily arranged like the Guardia di Finanza. Their desired strength is with approx. 110,000 men and women. The emergency call number is 112.

Structure

Six specialist areas are subordinated to the Comando of generals (supreme command):

• I. Training
  • Officer school: Rome
  • NCO schools: Florenz, Velletri, Vicenza
  • Training centres for crews: Rome, Campobasso, Iglesias, Reggio Calabria, Turin, Fossano, Benevento
  • Schools for sniper (Rome), foreign languages, psychology, pilot (Pratica di Mare with Rome), ski and mountain leader (cloud stone in diver (Genova), dog leader (Florenz), Carabinieri to horses (Rome), computer science (Velletri)
• II. Territorial organization
  • 5 inter+regional commands, which divide the national territory in five sectors, those subordinate:
  • 19 regional commands, those subordinate:
  • 102 province commands, those subordinate:
  • 538 group or company command, those subordinate:
  • 4632 wax act ions
• III. Military police

Criminal offences within the military range are cleared up exclusively by the Carabinieri, just as heavy Disziplinarverfahren.

NATO can request Carabinieri for determination and tasks of protection.

• IV. Mobile federations
  • 11 auxiliary police battalions
  • 1 Carabinieri regiment to horses (battalion strength)
  • 2 military police regiments for international missions (battalion strength)
  • 1 paratroop regiment (battalion strength)
• V. Special-purpose forces
  • Gruppo d'Intervento Speciale (GIS), anti-terror unit, based 1978 as reaction to on the right of and linking errorism, today above all used in the fight against the mafia, increasingly also with military peace employments abroad.
  • Raggruppamento Operativo Speciale (ROS), operational special-purpose force to the fight against the organized criminality with seat in Rome, based on 3 December 1990, with three ranges: State protection (politically crimes motivated), organizing crime (mafia), center of services (kriminologische research).
  • Servizio Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche (SCIS), central kriminaltechnisches Institut in Rome, with two regional Unterinstituten (RIS) in Parma and Messina.
  • Carabinieri command with the Ministries for exterior (protection of the diplomatic agencies), health (consumer protection), cultural properties (cultural property protection), finances (falsification of money), environment, agriculture, work as well as with the bank of Italy, the parliament, the office of the Prime Minister, the constitutional court and the audit office.
  • Flier relays at 15 locations with ever 5 helicopters, command in Pratica di Mare with Rome
  • maritime component: Diver, lagoon boats (Venice and Umgebung), fast and patrol boats (being EN/territorial waters).
  • Dog leader
  • Protection of individuals and object for the seats of the government, the chambers, the Ministries of the highest courts and the seat of the president (Corazzieri)
• VI. Welfare service, support and leisure activities
  • 5 convalescent homes
  • 23 public swimming pools/beach sections
  • Pension fund (also as study scholarships for children of the Carabinieri)
  • Sport
  • Care of tradition

To the Carabinieri belongs the regiment of the Corazzieri, which are assigned to the president of the republic as honour guard and a security agency. With official causes the regiment goes highly to Ross in a representative uniform with flashing Harnischen into action.

Tasks

The Carabinieri developed as a branch of service of the Italian army, to which they belonged up to the year 2000. Today they are their own armed service, but their tasks hardly changed in the last two centuries. The Carabinieri places the military police of the Italian armed forces and differs in this connection only insignificantly from the military police of the German German Federal Armed Forces, to the field hunters. Beyond that they have the task in the case of defense to participate with own, predominantly infantry federations and other units in the bordering and national defense. In this connection they represent a territorial army in the broadest sense. Besides they provide general and special police service after instruction of the ministry of the Interior and within special ranges (among other things consumer protection, health service, environmental protection, cultural property protection) also after instruction of other Ministries. Here they hardly differ from the Polizia di Stato and other state and national police of other states. The reason for the existence of two national police body with general tasks lies desiring to prevent an excessive concentration of power in a hand and/or in a Ministry. In Italy, in addition, in France (Gendarmerie national one), Spain (Guardia civil) and other states military and civil police watch out one on the other not only for humans, but also. The loss in efficiency by redundancies, resulting sometimes from it, is counterbalanced in opinion of many by the fact that by the allocation into two different police bodies can be prevented to possible making and office abuse of a only one national police organization. Beyond that improve the competition relationship between the police the motivation of its respective members, relatively minted in Italy. The duality of military Gendarmerie and civilian police developed (also in Germany, see land hunters) because of the differences between city and country, minted in former times. For the cities the civil civil police was responsible, the rural coined/shaped country left one to the military and/or the for this purpose set up military police troops like the Carabinieri. This police organization grown historically is to be recognized today still by the close network of Carabinieri stations on the country.

Regarding Germany these police structures went down because of the many historical breaks. But as in other states one tries here to prevent by an allocation of the police on federation and (above all) countries a concentration of power in a hand. Sometimes in Italy and other states, which have a binary national police structure, one considers these overcomes seeming organization form already for some time. Reforms (like e.g. a misalignment of the military police troops into the division of the ministries of the Interior as preliminary stage of a fusion) failed always possession condition thinking and Traditionalismus. Austria succeeded it in the year 2005, its civil police with the Bundesgendarmerie and the tariff guard to a only one national police body to seize the federal police together. There were similar fusions also in the Benelux states. These reforms could become on a long-term basis at least partial central until (without Guardia di Finanza) the model for Italy and other states.

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