Carl Gustav young (* 26. July 1875 in Kesswil, canton Thurgau, Switzerland; "† 6 June 1961 in ZH, Switzerland) was founder of the analytic psychology.

Biography

Young as a son of a minister one bore. Starting from 1895 it studied medicine in Basel and became 1900 as an assistant of Eugen Bleuler in the psychiatrically actively. Its thesis of 1902 was a contribution for the psychology and pathology of occulter phenomena so mentioned. Afterwards it was for a half year with Pierre Janet in Paris; 1903 he married Emma Rauschenbach.

With Bleuler young could habilitieren itself 1905 with extensive diagnostic association studies, which he 1907, which year of its first meeting with Sigmund Freud let its work follow, over the psychology of the Dementia Praecox. Because of discords with Bleuler it gave up to 1909 its activity with him and engaged themselves in Freuds movement, for which it became active as an editor of the international yearbook for psychological and psychotherapeutische research. From 1910 to 1914 he was a president of the international Psychoanalyti combination. 1912 it published its book transformations and symbols of the Libido, which led to the break with Freud, since young criticized therein Freuds Libidotheorie.

1913 gave up to young its training activity at the University of Zurich. From now on it was active up to interruptions by expanded journeys in the twenties - particularly to Africa and Asia - in own practice, published however far his considerations and opinions, which it called now analytic psychology or complexes psychology.

Its increasing Reputation led to the fact that he was invited 1929 to regard one completely the Hauptreferate on the yearly congress of the general medical society visited from participants Europe as Psychotherapie In the year after it became as 2. Chairman into the executive committee of this important combination selected. After the seizure of power of the national socialists because of the solidary resignation of the past chairman Ernst Kretschmer the presidency was assigned to it, at the same time became he thereby formal publisher of the organic central sheet for Psychotherapie, which had been organized up to then beside J.H.Schultz and Rudolf Allers substantially of Kretschmers friend Arthur Kronfeld as an editor, who had had however immediately to stop each public working as a German Jew. As a "“president"” young contributed the original and European-wide meaning of the which were continued to organize there and led organizational in Germany and by National Socialist adjusted "“German"” members to keep under the designation "“supra-national one"” and starting from 1935 international general ones further upright medical society for Psychotherapie at least after the name starting from 1934 up to its resignation in the year 1939 to it. Its presidency of the was criticized often and brought it into the suspicion of the Antisemitismus.

In Switzerland it took up 1933 at the ETH Zurich - starting from 1935 as Titularprofessor - again a training activity, which it continued until 1942. Starting from 1944 he was a professor in Basel. In its last Lebensjahren led it increases research across its theory of the collective unconscious one and the meaning of the religion for the psyche through.

Meaning

Carl Gustav young does not only have the Psychotherapie with his work, but also the psychology, theology, people customer, literature and art affect. Psychology above all his terms entered complex, Introversion and extra version.

Complex

A complex is a constellation of feelings, thoughts, perceptions and memories, which collected themselves around a certain important connection and with this core of the complex are associated. Complex ones, which are displaced into the unconscious, can appear in consciousness as "“affect"”. An example: A nut/mother complex is the core element of the complex. All feelings, thought, perceptions and memories, which have to do directly or indirectly with the nut/mother, are tightened by the core element of the complex and are associated with it. They are extracted so from consciousness and to know the conscious intention to disturb.

Personality structure

Which I regards young only as a complex under many different. It is the center of consciousness however at the same time. Consciously to notice can one therefore only things, who are associated with the I complex. The personal unconscious consists usually of feeling-stressed complexes, as well as of displacing, forgetting or ignoring. The Persona (lat. mask) serves the adjustment to the external world in the sense of a normative, socialcompatible behavior. It is not to which I identically, rather the Freuds similarly.

The shade is the dark side of the personality, because of social hostileness suppressed and in the unconscious pushed away negative characteristics of humans. As long as no argument of the Ichs with the shade took place, this is projected frequently on persons or objects outside of the Ichs.

The argument with the shade, i.e. its integration represents an important and indispensable step on the way to the complete becoming, Individuation of the personality. It represents a predominantly moral problem, which requires considerable mental adjustment achievements from the individual. At the beginning of the life center meanwhile more the integration of the own portions in each case of the different sex is the center of attention, i.e. for a man this is its Anima and for a Mrs. their Animus.

"“Collectives the unconscious"” consists of ererbten bases of mankind history. On it all evolutionary recent personality structures are based, as for instance which I. In the collective unconscious one ark types manifest themselves.

Ark types

After young ark types universally existing Urbilder are independent in the soul of all humans, of its history and culture. In addition count conceptions, articles and organisms from the environment. In order the existence of ark types, which not directly, but when preparations are left of conceptions of proving young collected and its coworker material from different times and cultures. They regarded dreams of patients on the background of these traces and found thereby conceptions over stranger cultures, with which the dreamer had never come into contact. They set up the thesis that religious and cultural certifications of different peoples in limited variations, similar motives, conceptions and styles would have. Young investigated for this very much material, which originated from different times and from many cultures and it stated in the representations that determined pictures, motives and symbols itself again-again and again, without the cultures had been from each other affected. It called these thing in common ark types, which in the Individuationsprozess many of its patients a special role come. He set this material and above all its meaning for the culture and the particular in connection with the different developments of his patients. To the ark types belong: Shade, Anima and Animus, the large nut/mother, that or the old way, the Mandala, the descent of the soul to the water, the descent in the dead realm, the Numinose and other one.

It calls ark types energy complexes, which particularly unfold their effect in dreams, neuroses and illusion conceptions. Young a Psychose, which can develop among other things then, if a neurosis is not treated, as of the unconscious one, which itself consciousness seized explains, in order to correct its attitude and to free the individual on the way to the complete becoming. The now symbolically effective ark types aim off to bring the total personality back in the plumb bob by letting ark-typical goal pictures very attractive by (gttliche features, sexual longing) ascend in consciousness. These pictures and the occupation of the soul with them have the task to return to the personality a fundamental balance to donate sense and order. They manifest themselves therefore in symbolic pictures of universal validity, which have a considerable portion alive everyone.

The even is the center of the personality. In it all parts moving in opposite directions of the personality are summarized and combined. It is the goal of the lifelong Individuationsprozesses, which consists essentially to integrate as large a parts of the unconscious one as possible consciousness. The Individuation sets always new and more comprehensive adjustment achievements of the personality ahead and on. It takes place on the I self axle.

Role of the Psychotherapie

Young sees the Psychotherapeuten as a companion of the patient, to that making itself free should by all theoretical findings, which he learned, and that should get involved as impartial as possible in that, which the patient at pictures, impressions etc. from its unconscious one bring along or in runs the therapy developed. With the descent of the patient into its own mental depths young saw itself as a companion, that has if necessary more experience and thus to the success of the singular in each case and individual way of the personality concerned to the Individuation can contribute.

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