The Casa was there both the central authority for the administration of all territories in overseas of the Portuguese kingdom and the central movement of goods place and/or the Verrechnungstelle for all ranges of the overseas trade. As restaurant economics it functioned thereby like an overseas trading station and/or a commercial establishment.

The forerunners of the Casa developed as a result of the Portuguese discovery travels along the African coasts and the associated commercialpossibility already 1434 the Casa de Ceuta in Lisbon was created there. It was however a little successful, since the Muslims shifted the trade routes and goods stream connected with the city after the Portuguese conquest of Ceuta in the Jahre1415 into other places. Around 1445 of the Casa de Arguim and/or de in Lagos to the Algarve the establishments, who calls both, also Companhia de Lagos, followed, which served development of the Portuguese trade with west Africa. After death Heinrich of the sailor became in the sixties 15. Century both houses to Lisbon and later in the Casa there e there Mina shifts united, since the Portuguese with Elmina had since 1482 at the westAfrican coast a flourishing fastened military and trading base.

With the discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco Gama and the following commercial development of India as well as the structure of a system of maritime trading bases in Asia there all activities in the Casa became there by 1503, since Mina e centralizes there, whereby the names for the Casa in the sources vary. Later frequently only Casa there mentioned, became it the most important economic institution of Portugal. At the decades of experience of the Portuguese with the structure of an overseas handels and administrative net also the Spanish monarchs oriented themselves with the establishment of their Casa de 1503 in Sevilla.1504 all commercial activities with Africa and the new trade routes to Asia of national control by the Portuguese king house were particularly subjected, to the Vedor there Fazenda (highest royal financial director) subordinated and in the Casa united there. All goods had to be handed over the Casa, by this were examined, at an agreed upon price sold and declared and the yields to the respective owners disbursed.

The Casa served that there as customs authority, audit office and bookkeeping office for the funds and goods of the individual overseas addresses and as archives, it was active as stock management, personnel authority of the sailors, military and dealer, in addition, as one world-wide first postal services. The Casa determined the prices there, realized and examined purchases, sales and payments, it equipped the fleets, worried about the necessary military escort, dispatched in and running out ships and issued the different certificates, permission and licenses. By the Casa were appointed there and supervised the royal officials in overseas, in addition, spread the royal decrees, regulations and laws in overseas.

Between 1506 and 1570 the Casa had there particularly the official royal monopoly on all imports and sales of spices, silk and shellac as well as on the export of gold, silver, to intersperse copper and Korallen. Particularly the royal monopoly on copper brought large profits, since copper in India and west Africa found rapid paragraph. However between 1495 and 1521 the Portuguese crown in the center at that time of the international trade, in Antwerp, mostly of the supplied copper join gladly from Hungary, bought approx. 5,200 t which was shipped mostly to India. The monopoly trade remained until 1570 profitable and strengthened own capital funds and the creditworthiness of the Portuguese state. It is important simultaneous to stress, this monopoly trade always also from a to a large extent free trade with other products as textiles, weapons, paper and paper goods or gesalzenem fish (among other things. Bacalhau was accompanied). The portion of the crown of the total trade with Asia amounted to 1506 approx. 25% and rose in runs the monopoly on 50% and more, displaced however the private buyers never completely out of this business. Royal monopolies were leased there also again and again by the Casa to private buyers for a certain time. These monopoly regulations applied also to that for trade in overseas between Goa, the capital of the Estado, not concerning the motherland, there starting from 1510, and the most diverse commercial establishments in Asia and Africa. In this connection the Casa with the fight against smuggling and Piraterie.Nach 1570 were incumbent on also police services the monopolies except with the purchase by spices and the trade with copper and silver are again waived there.

First us agenda and customs regulations of the Casa admitted of come there from the year 1495 and from 3 July 1509, which was confirmed and extended by royal decree on 2 August 1537. 1519 were transferred the Casa the supervision and taxation of the trade with African slaves and based there between 1592 and 1594 in the Casa its own department (consulado), itself with the protection of the ports and the fight of the Piraten busy. In the year 1600, at present the Iberi union with Spain, by the Spanish king a commission consisting of three Kastiliern was used there for the monitoring of the Casa which led to large resistances in Portugal.

With the fall of the Portuguese Handelsimperiums and the purge of political power also the meaning of the Casa decreased/went back there gradually. With the development of the constitutional monarchy and the emergence of new state structures in Portugal in the first half 19. Century came up the different ranges of the Casa there then in the new Ministries and authorities.

Literature

• Peter Feldbauer, Estado there India. The Portuguese in Asia 1498-1620, almond tree publishing house, Vienna, 2003, 224 S.
• A.H de Oliveira Marques, history of Portugal and the Portuguese world realm, Alfred publishing house, Stuttgart, 2001, 713 S.

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