The bill customs union is one 1986 shut down Steinkohlen-Bergwerk in the Essener the north. Since December 2001 the bill and the neighbouring coking plant customs union belong to the world cultural heritage of the UNESCO (bill and coking plant customs union). Customs union is point of anchor of the European route of the industrial culture (ERIH).

History

1847 - 1890

The establishment of the bill proceeded from the Industriellen Franz Haniel, which was on the search for coking coal occurrences suitable for the steelmaking. With drillings in the area Katernberg was drilled among other things a particularly productive coal seam, which German customs union created after that 1834 was designated. 1847 created Franz Haniel the mountain-legal trade union bill customs union and distributed the Kuxbesitz within its family.

The area for the building of a pit became by the basic owner taken part in the trade union likewise Schwartmann towards. Bulletin man made available. Therefore the area of the establishment pit was called soon the Bullmannaue (the today's street name of the approach road to the pit 1/2 agitates therefore).

The Abteufarbeiten for pit 1 of the bill customs union began on 18 February 1847 under the operating leader Joseph Oertgen. In 130 meters depth the Steinkohlengebirge was started. The promotion began however only into years 1851. Parallel from 1849 on beside pit 1 the pit 2 had been abgeteuft. This went 1852 into operatingfor the first time two outwardly same over the pits as conveyor plant was established; this example of a building of twins with common turbine house between the pits was repeated later on other bills with the building of a double pit.

Starting from 1857 beside the pit 1/2 some were operated as preliminary stage of a coking plant. Starting from 1866 this coking plant was replaced by a modern coking plant with machine furnaces.

1880 were begun with the Abteufen of a second separate conveyor plant in Schonnebeck. The pit 3 went 1883 into enterprise. The Tagesanlagen were extensively removed by the architect Dreyer. The pit received a German prop stand of the design Promnitz as conveyor plant already 1890 to 1 million tons usable promotion to day was brought. Thus the bill customs union reached the point place under the German promoting plants.

1890 - 1918

Under the favorable economic situation resulting in the Montanbereich in the subsequent years a large, very extensive development pit-build made. In the northern part of Katernberg at the border after Hessler between the double pit customs union 4/5 with a promotion and a rope travel pit and a pit conceived purely for ventilation originated in 1891 and 1896. On this pit a new coking plant was taken immediately in enterprise.

1896 were geteuft a further promotion pit within the range of stopping mountain. This went 1897 into enterprise and with a doubling vine stand was for the first time equipped, since he was conceived by promotion and Seilfahrt for the parallel guidance.

Those pit-builds from customs union was still problematic reference of the ventilation. After several which were caused by impact weather, the pits were equipped gradually with small Thus developed:

• 1897 to 1899 beside pit 3 the pit 7. It received a small conveyor plant.
• 1897 to 1900 beside pit 1/2 the pit 8. It received for the time being no conveyer system.
• 1903 to 1905 beside pit 6 the pit 9. Also it received first no conveyer system.

In the connection the pit 1/2 was renewed. Pit 1 received a German prop stand in place of the Malakowturmes. Further dressing and coking plant were basicrenewed.

1909 were down-brought on the pit 3/7 a new promotion pit. After completion of the pit 10 in the year 1914 also on this pit the dressing was extended and a new coking plant was taken in enterprise.

finally 1914 were developed also pit 9 of the plant 6/9 by establishment of a conveyor plant to the rope travel pit.

The promotion reached the value of 2.5 million tons of usable promotion around the First World War.

1918 - 1932

Starting from 1920 the trade union customs union, which still was up to then in family estate of the familyfamily family Haniel, cooperated strengthened with the AG for mining industry and hut enterprise. The management of the bill was put completely into the hands of the AG.

Under their direction renewal and repair measures were met. Pit 2 received a now likewise. Furthermore the renewal of the pit 4/5 was decided. A blind shaft was high-broken after over days, and taken as pit 11 in enterprise. The development to the promotion pit took place until 1927. Pit 4 and 11 were equipped with homogeneous which renews Tagesanlagen 4/5/11 accordingly. The coking plant 4/5/11 was taken in response out of operation.

During the transition of the AG to the united steel plants 1926 the bill customs union of the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG (GBAG) was assigned to AG, and led from now on in the group of gel churches. Under their direction the coking plants were gradually shut down.

Pit 12 (pit "“Albert

1928 decided the GBAG the new building of a complete, as central conveyor plant conceived pit. With a promotion capacity of 12.000 tons coal daily took over pit 12 the entire of the past four plants with altogether eleven pits. The architects Fritz Schupp and Martin Kremmer took over the organization of the pit, which was considered as architectural and technical master achievement and for the material-functional industrial building became pointing the way - its organization refers to the influential school of the building house. The pit was considered as the most modern and the "“most beautiful bill of the world"”. The 1930 established double support promotion stand in solid plate construction became the model for many central conveyor plants built later. The pit was designated after the general manager at that time of the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG Albert and took up 1932 the promotion.

1932 - 1968

The promotion of the bill customs union was immensely increased by this measure. It reached 1937 3.6 million tons in the year with 6.900 persons employed. The coking plant with pit 1/2/8 was taken as small new building with 54 coke ovens in the previous year again in enterprise and produced annually 200,000 tons coke. 1937 were replaced the old doubling vine stand over pit 6 by a new building of a zweigeschossigen prop stand with only a promotion.

The bill customs union with relatively small damages got over the Second World War. In the year 1953 already again a promotion of 2.4 million tons was reached annually, whereby customs union took again the point place under the West German hard coal mines.

After transition to the Rhine Elbe mining industry AG as successor company of the old GBAG was made now an extensive renewal and rationalization of the enterprise of all customs union pits.

The over pit 1 was replaced 1958 by a vollwandigen new building. At the same time from 1960 to 1964 a complete reorganization of the pit 1/2/8 by the architect Fritz Schupp was accomplished. Pit 2 kept 1964 the dismantled winding tower established from pit 2 of the shut down bill peaceful neighbour as new conveyor plant.

Starting from 1961 on a new area a central coking plant with 192 furnaces was operated.

1962 to 1964 now the other external pits were summarized. Pit 4 was taken 1962 as promotion pit out of operation. The delivered to the bill Holland in cotton wool-separate for the development of a new central promotion pit. The conveyor plants pit 3 and 7 became likewise took place the promotion attitude of the pits 4/11 and 6/9. The exclusive promotion remained on pit 12.

1968 were transferred the bill to customs union in the mining industry AG meal of the Ruhr coal AG.

1968 - 1986

After assumption of the mine the mechanization and rationalization of the mechanical handling operations were continued. The promotion of customs union was further with approximately 3 million tons of the group with the neighbouring bill Holland was accomplished. Pit Holland 3/4/6 was given up as promotion and place and continued using together with some pits of the bill Bonifacius as seilfahrt and weather pit.

Starting from 1980 with the dismantling of the last fat coal supply in seam sunshine the misalignment of the dismantling was northward operated. The southern and eastern pits were gradually given up. Starting from 1982 a promotion group with the neighbouring bill north star was operated. In response the task of the building field Holland took place with the year 1983.

The promotion of this group mine north star customs union reached again 3.2 million tons annually. After renewed collapses in sales for Ruhr coal however in the coal round 1983 the task of the promotion and place customs union was decided.

On 23 December 1986 all remaining conveyor plants customs union were shut down. The coking plant was operated still to 1993. Pit 2 and 12 remained open for the dewatering.

Afterwards the remaining Tagesanlagen were received from pit 12, pit 1/2/8 and pit 3/10 for a new use and as industrial monument.

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