The collection of formulae of the economy is to give an overview of usual formulas from the range to the economy. The legends are either initially generally indicated or in special cases in appropriate place. Further information to the models and formulas is to be found and/or added in the appropriate major item to the topic.

K: Costs expenditure

E: Proceeds yield incomes

G: Profit success

Marketing and management

Cost calculation

Success determination

Operating result/calculatory result = achievement - K

Operating result + calculatory interest = calculatory Kapitalgewinn

Balance and end-of-year procedure

Profit success determination

G = E - K

Undertaking ISD (before taxes) = yearly surplus (after tax) + Gsteuern = operational profit after HGB (before profits taxes) + Beriebsfremdes result/financial result + extraordinary result (extraordinary result: not from the usual business activity, unusually, e.g.: Stock exchange course)

Pagatori Kapitalgewinn = yearly surplus (pagatorischer profit) + Fremdkapitalzinsen (thus the surplus from own capital funds and outside capital to be obtained could)

Balance profit = yearly surplus/deficit profit/loss brought forward from previous account withdrawals attitudes in reserves

Distribution degree

numeric distribution

The numeric distribution indicates, for many offerers an article at the time X is driven out in relation for the total number of the offerers at the market.

Offerer with product X/sum of all offerers = numeric distribution degree in %

The numeric distribution gives information over the relative selling range.

weighted distribution

The weighted distribution indicates in dependence for numeric distribution, how much these offerers in relation transact conversion to the gross income.

Conversion of the offerers with product X/gross income = weighted distribution in %

The weighted distribution permits conclusions on the relative quality of the marketing agents.

numerically weighted distribution degree

The numeric and weighted distribution is usually expressed in summary as numerically weighted distribution degree.

Example: 68/89

Article is driven out in 68% all business at the market; these business transacts 89% of the gross income at the market.

Logistics

Optimal order quantity

Q: Order quantity per order

Q*: Optimal order quantity = root out (2*B*x)/(e*i)

x: Total requirement for the period of computation (one year)

B: fix order costs, (transport costs), to costs for each order

e: Cost price, purchase price, purchase costs

i: Storage cost interest rate

e*i: Storage costs per piece, warehousing cost tariff

N: Number of orders, order frequency = x/Q (total requirement/order quantity)

N*: Optimal = x/Q*

Kges: Total costs

KE: Purchase costs = x * e (total requirement * cost price)

KB: Order costs = N * B (order frequency * fixes to order costs) = (x*B)/Q (N = x/Q)

KL: Stock program costs = Q/2 * e * i

Then are the total costs (Kges): Kges = KE + KB + KL = [x * e] + [N * B] + [Q/2 * e * i] fat are the relevant (influenceable) costs

Optimization of the order quantity Q: Optimization condition: f'(x) = 0K'(Q) = Q^2 = (2*B*x)/(e*i) Q* = root out (2*B*x)/(e*i)

Productivity formulas

Sales area productivity

" Amount covered Ix stressed sales area productivity

Mathematics of finance

Payments take place as a rule at the year end of one period t (t = 0,"…, T-1). Are defined

• Interest rate i with q = i + 1
• Principal at the time t: Kt
• Cash-flow (net deposit as deposit - disbursement) in t: xt
• Constant pension payment in t
• Initial at the beginning of S0
• Repayment in t: tt
• Interest payment in t: time

Unique payment of a capital K

Special case: Simple interest charges:

The interest yields are not along-paid interest on.

Capital final value = K_T = K_0 + K_0 \ cdot T \ cdot (q-1)

Compound interest

The interest yields are along-paid interest on.

Kapitalendwert= K_T = K_0 \ cdot q^T with qT as compound growth factor.

Bar value of a capital or a present value = K_0 = \ frac {K_T} {q^T} with 1/qT as discounting factor.

Payment row

Final value of a payment row = K_T = \ sum_ {t=0} ^ {T-1} x_t \ cdot q^ {T-t}.

Bar value of a payment row = K_0= \ sum_ {t=0} ^ {T-1} \ frac {x_t} {q^ {T-t}}.

An investment is profitable, if with a calculation interest rate i the bar value of this payment K_0 is \ ge 0.

Pension payments

Pension final value of a payment row of T pensions r: K_T = r \ \ frac {q^T-1 cdot} {i}

Pension bar value of a payment row of T pensions r: K_0 = r \ cdot \ frac {q^T-1} {q^T \ cdot i}

Pension final value of a payment row of T pensions r: K_T = r \ cdot q \ cdot \ frac {q^T-1} {i}

Pension bar value of a payment row of T pensions r: : K_0 = r \ cdot \ frac {q^T-1} {q^ {T-1} \ cdot i}

Pension bar value infinitely many pension payments r: K_0 = \ lim_ {n \ tons \ infty} r \ cdot \ frac {q^T-1} {q^ {T} \ cdot i} = \ frac {r} {i}

C_0 = - A+ \ sum_ {t=1} ^T R_t \ cdot \ left (1+i \ right) ^ {- t} +L \ cdot \ left (1+i \ right) ^ {- T}

C_0: Present value

A: Acquisition disbursement

T: Service life (in periods)

R_t: Return flow in period t

L: Liquidation proceeds

i: Calculation interest rate

Pension bar value formula

C_0 = - A + R_T \ cdot \ frac {\ left (1+i \ right) ^T-1} {\ left (1+i \ right) ^T \ cdot i} + L \ cdot \ left (1+i \ right) ^ {- T}

Gordon formula

The Gordon formula is a formula for the computation of the bar value of a share or an enterprise with rising dividends.

P0 = G1* (1-b)/k - b * RH

P0 = productive value, market price, exchange rate value of the share in t0

G1 = profit in T1 (expected profit)

b = accumulating capital ratio

1 - b = payment ratio

G1* (1 - b) = dividend in T1

k = productive value expected by the shareholder (refers to the market price of the share, not to balance own capital funds)

RH = net yield from the capital use of the retained profits b expected - G1

b * RH = growth rate for profits, dividend and customer

Profit:

G1 = G0* (1 + w) w = WachstumsrateG2 = G0 * (1 + w) ^2 etc.

Dividend:

D1 = G0* (1 + w) * (1 - b) D2 = G0* (1 + w) ^2 * (1 - b) etc.

Black Scholes model

The Black Scholes formulas for the value of European calls and PUTs on base values without dividend payments is

\ mathsf {c=S_0N (d_1) - Xe^ {- blank} N (d_2)} \ mathsf {p=Xe^ {- blank} N (- d_2) - S_0N (- d_1)} whereby \ mathsf {d_1= {\ LN (S0/X) + (r+ \ sigma^2/2) T \ more over \ sigma \ sqrt {T}}} \ mathsf {d_2=d_1 \ sigma \ sqrt {T}}

Credit standing/Rating

Capital necessary for operation

" " Not wear outable wear out-cash fixed assets (calculatory evaluated) = necessary for operation circulating capital necessary for operation (as average values) - departure capital (e.g. interest-free loan) = necessary for operation capital

Venture costs

Generally the following venture costs can be differentiated:

• Plant venture: Acquisition and/or manufacturing costs or book value
• average stock or entire material employment
• Development venture: Development costs of the period
• Manufacturing venture: Manufacturing costs
• Guarantee venture: Conversion to first cost
• Selling venture: Conversion to first cost or demand existence

" " Sum of the occurred venture losses sum of the base quantities (E.G. initial costs) = Wagnissatzx actual, normal or venture costs

Cash-flow

The cash-flow is the net supply at liquid means of an enterprise within one period of computation. To determine the cash-flow in particular computed over, like many liquid means the enterprise is available, for:

• Investments,
• Debt retirement,
• Maintenance of the liquidity and
• Distribution of profits.

Indirect determination: writings-off (- writing up) + increase (- acceptance) of the long-term resetting

= cash-flow-direct determination: Deposit disbursements

= cash-flow

Marketing

Thousand-contact price

Costs of the advertising measure number of reached persons of the Zielgruppex 1000= thousand-contact price

Range

Recall rate

Total number of the Probandenx 100= Recall rate again-reminded number of pro gangs, the one advertising statement

National economy

Articles in category "Collection of formulae economics"

We found here 548 articles.

Related Websites

We found here 5 related websites.

• Economics Keywords and Phrases
  A Collection of Keywords and Phrases for Economics Decision Making ... Compound interest formulas: Exponential formulas that are used to determine the ...


• IB Economics: Microeconomics - Wikibooks, collection of open ...
  From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection ... Formula. %Change in Quanity Demanded of Good A / %change in Price of Good A. Definition ...


• Internet Public Library: Chemical Sciences (Chemistry)
  http://www.organic-chemistry.org/: A site all about organic chemistry, including searchable collection of formulae, recent news from scholarly journals, ...


• LIS 675 - Collection Development - Budget Allocation Serial Option
  Serials. - Analysis of economic activity. Cargo Cult Allocation Formula ... Collection Management, old formulas account only for serials, books divisions) ...


• RensSearch: Rensselaer Research Libraries - Business and Economics
  A collection of resources for finding reference information on ecommerce. Economic Indicators. Information on finding US economic indicators. ...