Term history

The term of the colonialism is to distinguish from the general term the Kolonisation, which designates by definition the appropriation of a culture, Ethnie or a state by others. By colonialism in particular the imperialism which can be assigned a policy is understood, which however already began before the age of the imperialism. The demarcation of the colonialism in overseas the colonialism becomes adjacent on the central area of colonizing power Binnenkolonialismus transmission consciousness (Christian Missionierung) a large role.

In accordance with the sample of the colonialism European states proceeded with conquest and exploitation of other continents such as Africa, Asia, America and Australia. The European states carried raw materials (e.g. Rohrzucker, gold, diamond) from the kolonialisierten countries into the homelands, without offering for it an appropriate exchange unit. The age of the colonialism was also coined/shaped by force and suppression opposite the "“natives"” (Indigene of peoples) of these continents.

Also it came increased to slavery, v.a. from Africa into the new colonies into America.

The era of the colonialism strictly speaking went in the decades to the Second World War to end, when nearly all former colonies became to dismiss into independence. Due to the definition of borders on the drawing board by the former Kolonisatoren in Africa and in again and again wars resulted the Near East, since these fixing of the boundaries had hardly considered cultural connections. Many states of the third world were also after its independence in a condition of economic dependence on their former Kolonisatoren.

With the fall of the Soviet Union end 20. Century became for the first time also Russian colonies into independence to dismiss.

To manufacture colonialistic power structures one than Neokolonialismus designates newer efforts. Aspects of the today's culture and politics of former colonies, which are connected with their past as colony, are summarized under the term post office colonialism.

An advancement of the ideology of the colonialism was the imperialism (1880-1914).

Whether the Zionismus can be ranked among the colonialism, one is most disputed and politically loaded question, which arises again and again in the surrounding field of the Middle East conflict.

The last completion of colonial rule in an important colony were of Hong Kong the 1997 and of Macao 1999.

History

19. Century

Before the First World War Great Britain the by far largest colonial power was followed the United States and Japan as well as further states of Russia in second place, France, German Reich. England, Russia and France went already promptly as colonial powers into action.

Colonial powers

• classical European colonial powers with non-European colonies:
  • Portugal
  • Spain
  • Great Britain
  • France
  • The Netherlands
  • Denmark
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Russia
  • Belgium

• Colonial powers outside of Europe:
  • The USA
  • Japan

Half colonial powers

• European nations to acquire in vain tried non-European colonies durably:
  • Austria
  • Sweden
  • Norway
  • Brandenburg
  • Cure country

Half colonies

• Countries, which were controlled by colonial power only partial colony and/or only partially and to which so-called "“unequal contracts"” were forced upon:
  • Empire of China
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Yemen
  • Iran
  • Afghanistan
  • Korea

Remaining one "“colonies"”

• outside of Europe:
  • Denmark: Greenland
  • Great Britain: Anguilla, Bermuda, British young remote islands, British territory in the Indian ocean, dock one islands, Falklandinseln, Montserrat, Pitcairninseln, Turks and Caicosinseln
  • France: Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guayana, Mayotte, pc. Pierre and Miquelon, French Polynesien, Neukaledonien, Wallis and Futuna,
  • The Netherlands: Aruba, Netherlands Antilleses
  • Spain: Kanari islands, Ceuta, Melilla, islands of the Plaza de
  • Russia: osturalisches area (Siberia, Irkutsk), Sachalin island

• within Europe:
  • Great Britain: Gibraltar

Literature

• Csaire, over the colonialism, Berlin: Car brook 1968
• Frantz Fanon, the condemned ones of this earth, Frankfurt/Main 1981
• Refuge founder, a history of the European expansion, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1757-2
• Refuge founder, history of the German colonies, 5. Edition 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1332-3
• Osterhammel, colonialism: History, forms, consequences, Beck: Munich: Beck 1995, 142 S., ISBN 3-406-39002-1
• Ulrich van the Heyden, Joachim Zeller (Hg.) "„"… Power and portion of the world domination. "“Berlin and the German colonialism. Unrast publishing house. 2005, ISBN 3-89771-024-2
• Udo Scholze/Detlev fox, under lily banners and Trikolore: To the history of the French colonial empire. Representation and documents, Leipzig 2001, 289 S., ISBN 3-934565-96-4
• carpenter, Joachim Zeller (Hg.), genocide in German southwest Africa. The colonial war (1904-1908) in Namibia and its consequences, Berlin: Christoph on the left of publishing house 2003, ISBN 3-86153-303-0
• Timm, Uwe: German colonies, Cologne 1986

Related links

• German colonial encyclopedia in the Internet
• Lenin: The imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism
• Franc Holl: Alexander of Humboldt - "„historical writers of the colonies"”
• DEPO (Germany post office colonial - remind and reconcile)

Sources

Articles in category "Colonialism"

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