Gave up to a crop rotation

If one plans a crop rotation for the enterprise, then one must realize oneself which effects with it are to be achieved in the cultivation system.

Promotion of the soil fertility

Over the crop rotation in several respects influence on the soil fertility can be exerted. Effects go thereby out of that

• Duration of the soil peace (humus, Bodenfauna),
• Duration of the ground cover
• Durchwurzelungstiefe (loosening, water derivative, humus),
• Durchwurzelungsdichte (humus,
• Intensity of the fruit-specific cultivation (humus, Bodenfauna).

The Fruchtfolgegestalltung affects measurable characteristics of the soil fertility directly. Soil physics: It could be proven that in fodder cultivation crop rotations with clover a higher stability of the (aggregate stability) is present than in silo corn stressed crop rotations. The clover, which affects the soil fertility favorably within all ranges before specified, leads therefore also to a steadier in the soil. Organic fertilizers usually improve the physical characteristics, the humus content, the mikrobielle activity and in the combination of these effects, the aggregate stability of the soil. Bodenmikroflora: Still more clearly than in soil physics the crop rotation organization takes to influence on the soil small life on a long-term basis. An active activity derBodenmikroflora leads

• to high turnover achievements into the soil brought in organic measures,
• the natural nutrient subsequent delivery ability increases,
• the promotes.

An active Bodenflora also accompanies with a high aggregate stability and with it with a good soil structure. On the other hand the soil life is dependent on sufficient humus contents, there that continuous humus the always available basic food of the Kleinstlebewesen (micro organisms) represents. The correct controlling of this effect network, on which the natural soil fertility is based, takes place to a substantial portion over the crop rotation. Under the humus-living black fallow the humus contents decreased/went back to the soil-typical minimum quantity. With the continuous cultivation of the humus-living fruit potato likewise low humus contents are present. The stable muck gifts could bring only a slight reconciliation in the comparison to the crop rotation. The mikrobielle activity, which is normally closely coupled to the humus contents, increased here however superproportionally strongly. With the humus-neutral grain (with straw training) the humus contents are somewhat lower than in the crop rotation, the mikrobielle activity drop due to the one-sided use strongly in the continuous cultivation. In the continuous grassland however the humus contents double themselves and treble themselves the micro-biological activities. Soil animals: Also the Bodenfauna is affected by the crop rotation organization. Under fruits with longer soil peace, e.g. the Leguminosenfeldfutterbau, animals can recover again, which are impaired by the cultivation. This applies in particular to the earthworm, which represents a key member in the partnership in the Bodenfauna. Humus household: Most soil characteristics are affected favorably by high humus contents. With exception the moorland and can be achieved with all soils by a short term increase humus contents of the improvement of the soil fertility. According to experience the humus contents cannot be durably raised by soils under field use however. In addition, a short term rise improves the soil and increases by mineralizing the brought in organic substance the natural nutrient subsequent delivery ability. Such short term rises can be attained, if the humus balance of the crop rotations is positive.

Preventive measures against Verunkrautung, illness and

With a balanced crop rotation organization above all preventing the of weeds, diseases and parasits in the cultivated plant existence against one works. Additional reorganizing effects with improved crop rotations are either very lengthily (e.g. Verunkrautung) or impossible (e.g. Nematoden, Rizomania exciter and most other pathogen weeds trimming: Due to increasing restrictions with the use of plant protection agents comes apart from the cultivation and the mechanical weed control also to the crop rotation organization again more meaning regarding weeds control. The change of Winterung and Sommerung can prevent fruit-specific in each case (field fox tail and wind stem in Winterungen, Flughafer in Sommerungen) from a mass massenvermehrung. Mehrschnittige, over or field fodder existence of several years of Futterleguminosen and/or Futterleguminosen and grasses are able all field weeds back urge. A well developed intermediate fruit existence limits budding weeds for the Nachfruchtanbau between the Vorfruchternte and. Generally it applies however that weed control procedures without chemistry - restrictions result e.g. in water protection zones - can be successful with a restrained N-fertilization only in the regular group with suitable procedures of the cultivation and the mechanical weed control as well as. Harming exciter: The crop rotation exerts versatile influences on harming exciters. Chemically not or only with difficulty fightable exciters like e.g. Nematoden, Rizomania virus, harming mushrooms for and RWS diseases are to be held only by resistant sorts or by crop rotations sufficient far-placed in chess. Since not for all cases resistant sorts are available or bring these partial smaller yield achievements, the foresighted field farmer sets on the preventing effect of crop rotations. On a long-term basis only enterprise and location-adapted crop rotation can ensure the good yields without increased cost. In addition, with chemically fightable diseases, like the foot diseases of the grain, the reorganizing effect sufficient further crop rotations is not to be ignored.

Root growth

Long time was seen the use of the crop rotation alone in the promotion of the soil fertility and the fight of harming exciters. In addition, there are crop rotation effects on root growth of cultivated plants, which are settled by soil fertility and disease infestation in an intermediate range and which are called allelopathische effects. They are difficult to prove, why the level of knowledge is small over it.

Other crop rotation effects

The crop rotation affects also the infestation with diseases and animal parasits. Here the ecological principle applies that variety leads to increased stability. The, the more slowly a high infestation pressure will develop more kinds of fruit in a field corridor. The fruit diversity of species can be supplemented with some fruits also by sort variety.

Literature

• Matthias Preissner: The contribution of the crop rotation in the ecological agriculture for the lasting serviceability of the ecosystem. Edion future 1988, ISBN 3-89799-077-6

See also: research

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