By economic integration steps are understood, with those around two or several subunits (e.g. Countries) to a larger unit (integration area) to be united (integration as process). In addition, the term is used, in order to characterize the extent, in which this unit is manufactured (integration as condition).

Wirtschaftsintegration forms thus an economic union of several countries to the promotion of the intergovernmental trade. It is consisting an international administrative policy of rules and institutions, to which the states are subjected and thus partly limited their past sovereignty. This order can be according to the free trade principle or zentralverwalterisch (as in the former Eastern Bloc) organized.

Wirtschaftsintegration can be global or regionally (related to a neighbouring group of states) aligned.

Goals

1. Economic goals: Promotion of the economic growth based on international division of labor. The theory of the komparativen cost advantages is the center of attention after David Ricardo, whereby the states concentrate on the production of the products, with whose production process it (comparatively) the largest cost advantage has. In response they exchange these products for goods, at which they have comparatively the largest disadvantages.

2. Non--economical goals: In the center the safety device of the international peace is located.

Kinds of the integration

In principle one can differentiate between the functional and institutional method of the Wirtschaftsintegration.

Processes of integration run off typically in several stages:

• In a preference zone the tariffs for certain goods are diminished. This can happen also on one side. The of the European Union for the African-Caribbean-Pacific group of states forms an example (ehem. colonial states of European Union states)
• In a foreign trade zone in the interior relationship the tariffs of the countries involved are abolished, however the own tariff is maintained opposite third countries. In order to prevent abuse, the goods are equipped with certificates of origin, so that countries with high rate of duty can reconstruct, from where the commodity comes. This makes a subsequent clearance through customs possible, meant however that border controls are further necessary.
• To a customs union a common external tariff is introduced. Certificates of origin are void.
• In a Common Market additionally to the customs union not barriers to trade (e.g. standards, laws) are diminished, so that on the Outputseite a common goods market develops. On the Inputseite of the Common Market the obstacles are eliminated with services, workers and capital.
• In common market regulations sector-specifically uniform economic basic conditions are created (e.g. European Union agricultural commodities market)
• To a monetary union common currency, common money and monetary policy are introduced.
• In an economic union beyond that on the one hand the sparkling wine-oral economic policy becomes (e.g. Coal and steel), on the other hand the overall economic economic policy (e.g. common employment policy) harmonize.
• In a political union exists besides a common condition, which contains a Vergemeintschaftlichung of the most important political fields, in particular outside, defense, currency and foreign trade policy.

Articles in category "Economic integration"

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