The economy Georgiens turns traditionally around the tourism at the black sea, which cultivation of Weintrauben, dte, which exploitation of manganese and copper as well as the yield of a small industriellen of sector, which produced wine, metals, machines, chemicals and textiles. The country must import the majority of its power requirement, including naturgas and petroleum products. Its only substantial internal energy resources are water power.

History

Already in the 3. Century v. Chr. Georgien was the weapon waffenschmiede of the antique ones. In the Caucasus mountains gold, silver, copper and iron were diminished. Georgian craftsmen manufactured the swords, with which Greeks and Trojaner fought.

At Soviet times the Georgian socialist Soviet republic applied as with the best living conditions. Western observers called the country Switzerland of the Caucasus. The subtropical climate made a rich harvest possible of agricultural products. Georgien was in the USSR nearly exclusive offerer of and dte. Georgian wine found strong paragraph. The viticulture surface rose between 1950 and 1985 of 58.000 to 128.000 hectares. Annual wine production amounted to in the middle of the 1980er years 800,000 tons. In the west of the country cattle were bred, in the east of sheep. The tourism flourished. At the coast and in the mountains holiday homes and sanatoriums developed. Well-known holidays places were Sochumi, Gagra, Pizunda, Bordschomi and Bakuriani. After the Second World War the heavy and armaments industry expanded.

A special characteristic of the Georgian economy was the personal Nebenwirtschaft. Half of agricultural production was private. 70% of the total harvest and 30% of the harvest of were furnished by the non-governmental sector. The productivity of the private sector lay always clearly over that of the national enterprises. Outside indications were a increased density of private motor vehicles in Georgien and the intensive travel activity of Georgian farmers, who brought their goods by airplane on markets of Russian large cities.

Present

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union Georgien of all Soviet republics suffered the heaviest restaurant collapse. The heavy industry received no more supplies. Airplane parts, military electronics, electric locomotives, computers, trucks, dte, wine and manganese did not find customers. Many enterprises were shut down. Production in industry and agriculture decreased/went back. The production volume slipped until 1994 on quarters of the level of 1989. Unemployment in the capital Tiflis rose to 40%.

In addition a hyperinflation came. 1992 were it about 1.339% annually. To 1995 the consumer prices rose around the 7.000fache. 1993 were introduced as in place rouble a coupon currency. The course fell in only two years of 1.000 Kuponi per US Dollar on two million Kuponi per US Dollar.

Assistance of the west came only 1995 as the International Monetary Fund (IWF) Georgien of credits at height of 206 million US Dollar and Germany at a value of 50 million Marks granted. With support of the IWF and the World Bank in October 1995 the Lari (GEL) was introduced as national currency. It remained stable up to the devaluation 1998 to the US Dollar.

Economic growth remained however weak. Between 1995 and 1997 the production volume rose to approximately 30% of the level at Soviet times, until 2001 reached it about 35%. 51% of the population lives today below the poverty border, 13 to 15% of the households even in extreme poverty (statistics 2001). Professors earn 15 US Dollar in the month, civil war refugees received maximally five US Dollar monthly support. Old-age pensions were not no more paid since beginning 2003.

Until today unresolved is the current supply. Georgien can not cover its requirements of electric current alone and was always dependent on foreign supplies. 1990 was cut off the supplies of electricity and the supply of the power stations with fuels from Russia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan on several years. The own generation of current sank between 1991 and 1994 from 13.4 billion to three billion kilowatt-hours. In the meantime the current and fuel supplies normalized themselves, but come it again and again because of debts with suppliers to disconnections. Georgiens own power stations fail because of modernization and maintenance lacking regularly.

The Georgian economy suffers from a large deficit of the state budget. The incomes of the public households amounted to 2001 only 15% of the gross national product. It did not succeed to the government to drive the taxes. Corruption and nepotism let funds seep. Constant power failures harm the industry. Georgien sets its hopes for an economic recovery for the development of an international transportation passage by the black sea ports potentiometers and Batumi, a large oil pipeline of the Azerbaijani Baku over Tiflis after Ceyhan in Turkey, the Baku Tiflis Ceyhan pipeline, as well as those parallel to it running south Caucasus pipeline, the gas to transport is. An increasing trade deficit, the problems of the tax collection, the corruption and separatist conflicts, collude the economical picture. Nevertheless foreign investments would know a higher economic growth stimuli.

Articles in category "Economics Georgiens"

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