Eduard Arning (*9. June 1855 in Manchester; "† 1936) were a German/English dermatologist and leprosy researcher, who undertook for this people attempts.

Life

Eduard Arning came of to an old Hamburg Patrizierfamilie. It was educated first in two languages (German/English) by house teachers, went through then the Johanneum in Hamburg up to the Abitur. After the medicine study in Heidelberg and Strasbourg he became acquainted with in Berlin the famous dermatologist Oskar leaving - a native Hamburg one -, him to the university skin University of Breslau mediated. Breslau was like Vienna a center of the German Dermatologie. Arning became pupil of Oskar Simon (1845 - 1882) and Albert Neisser (1855 - 1916), who belonged to the most recognized dermatologists of the time at that time.

Leprosy research in Hawaii

To its separating from the Breslauer hospital it went for three years from 1883-1886 as a scholarship holder of the Alexander from Humboldt donation of the Prussian Academy of Sciences to the study of leprosy on the sand yielding islands to Hawaii. Arning experimented here with humans, by he her with leprosy bacteria infected and the development of the illness observed. For its research a budget was provided to it from 10.000 Marks to the order.

In its research request Arning designated the "“favorable experimentation conditions"”. In addition it ranked that leprosy was only brought in since short time "“by the colonial collection Hawaiis"” (Anna miner). The large spreading of the illness called Arning as the first Kritierum: "“1. Size of the existing patient material."” Also "„the material is distributed "“on few points: "“in an observation station"” and in an isolation colony on the island Molokai. Special meaning for its Froschung had the fast disease process: "“During in European leprosy countries 15-20 years for the process of leprosy apply, for (...) lead on the S.W.Inseln leprosy nearly without exception in 3-5 years to death. It is thus created hope present, both about the more pushed clinical process, and by plentiful Sectionen over those so far so little admitted to receive closer explanations to visceralen forms of leprosy."” (Arning, quotes after miner)

Locally the experimentation conditions were however more with difficulty, there the "“isolation"” in the "“Polynesian culture politically not"” (miner) were interspersable. First experiments with animals stood on its agenda, which it infected with of patients of the leprosy hospital in Kakako. Arning owed the recommendation to the surgeon Rudolf Virchow, with which Arning corresponded, for its attempts pigs to purchase. Subsequently, inoculation experiments at ill humans followed.

Its outstanding experiment presented he 1889 in Prague of the German Dermatologi society. This experiment concerned the Polynesier Keanu designated of it as "“material"”. Keanu was married and father of two children. Keanu is, then it is called been in its lecture on his attempt person, a "“bestialischer murderer"”. However Arning deplores itself over the deafness of its test subject, why he continued to can to determine the prehistory of the prisoner not. The data concerning Keanu on the part of the authorities are not to be taken however necessarily very seriously, since Hawaiier were inclined "“to thoughtless or data"”. The experiment at Keanu began on 28 September 1884. According to its animal experiments Arning inferred from a girl, "“for years the picture from a exquisiten leprosy offered"” (Arning), a and implanted it to Keanu. He observed the disease process and photographed its test subject. 1888 could successfully evaluate Arning its experiment: "“Knotig thickened and considerably, likewise skin of the forehead increases ears; Cheeks, nose and chin show flat knotige infiltrations, face show generally the characteristic Facies leonina (...) hands gedunsen."” Thus Arning could furnish for the first time the proof that leprosy is sticking on. For the scientificness of the result however further attempts of this kind were necessary. Keanu was banished in February 1889 on the Molokai and died in the March of the yearly 1889.

Ethnologi activities in the South Seas

During its research project in the South Seas it operated also as Ethnologe and "“collected itself"” 300 pieces of Polynesian cult articles for citizens of Berlin the museum for people customer. Honoured he was collected Arning for it by the physiologist Emil Heinrich you Bois Reymond (1818-1896), the chairman citizens of Berlin of the Akademiekuratoriums, there "“with large success of everything, which from weapons, decoration of those dahinsiechenden themselves fast and faster population still possibly save let."” In addition Anna miner writes: "“Beyond its medical research Arning bone and head of chieftains as well as priests from grave caves and dissected dead ones against the resistance of the Polynesian population."” The citizen of Berlin academy it reports on its conditions of work: "“The bring along material exists in separately from 18 Sectionen the Organtheilen kept, unites brains, back marks and extremities. Whole organs to the Conservirung to the side to create, succeeded to me with watchfulness of the Kanaken only in the rarest cases. "“

Address in Hamburg

After this stay Arning established itself 1887 as a specialist for Haut-und sex diseases in Hamburg. He married 1888 Helene Blohm, Tochter of the Hamburg Patriziers and buyer J.E. Blohm. Before he the place as an upper physician at the department for skin diseases and Syphilis at the general hospital pc. George transferred - his competitor and in the long run been subject competitor were Paul Gerson Unna - rejected he calls on the dermatologischen Extraordinariate to Kiel and Marburg. After establishment of the University of Hamburg 1919 Arning was appointed the unscheduled professor, which became department of generally hospital pc. George the university clinic raised, since in Eppendorf at this time still the conditions for research and attendance of patients were missing.

Arning was emeritiert Up to its death in 82. It received still numerous honours at home and abroad to Lebensjahr.

After Arning a dermtologisches preparation was designated, the "“Arning Tinktur in such a way specified"”.

Literature

• Anna miner: Deadly people experiments in colonial territories. The leprosy research of the physician Eduard Arning on Hawaii 1883-1886. In: Ulrich van the Heyden, Joachim Zeller (Hg.) "„"… Power and portion of the world domination. "“Berlin and the German colonialism. Unrast publishing house. 2005, ISBN 3-89771-024-2

Related links

• Leprosy museum, exhibition of Lepramoulagen
• Biografie English

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