The fundamentally coined/shaped hypothesis of the efficiency of the markets was summarized 1970 by Eugene Fama. Their advocates understand the price formation on complex financial markets similarly as those on traditional markets. Like for example potatoes on a farmer market: Supply and demand as well as basic data over the future availability of salad earth apples are sufficient, in order to calculate a fair price. About if a bad year for potato farmers threatens with extreme dryness, the prices will rise.
The efficiency market hypothesis assumes additionally all market participants - thus buyers just like salesmen - act completely rational and on the basis of same information and the sum of these information is finished at any time already in the courses. No participant would thus be able to strike the market in the long term.
Critics always show that this mechanistical aspect of the markets much too often cannot be proven in the reality. Also later revisions and extensions as for instance the random milling theory are subject to Falsifizierungen. The representatives of the Behavioral Finance supply the anti-thesis to the efficiency market hypothesis. They assume market prices are coined/shaped by fundamental data much less as of the psychology of the market participants.
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