Engelbert fighter (* 16 September 1651 in Lemgo, Germany; "† 2 November 1716 in Lieme (today local part of Lemgo)), Physician and explorer, that after a two-year stay in Japan 1690-1692 an influential contribution for the study of the country and for the European Japan picture 18. Century carried out.

Fighter was the second son of Johannes Kemper, a minister at the pc. - Nikolai church to Lemgo, and its wife Christina Drepper. In its youth it visited first the latin school in its hometown and in Hameln (1667), thereafter the High School in Lueneburg, Luebeck and finally "„the Athenaeum "“in Danzig. A lengthy study of philosophy and medicine at "„the high schools followed "“in Thorn, Krakau and king mountain (Prussia). it changed 1681 to the academy in Uppsala.

At the Swedish yard fighter made the acquaintance of Samuel of Pufendorf, for that it the Swedish king Karl XI. as physician and a secretary for a legation to the Russian and Persian yard 1683 recommended. During this journey he trained his observation ability and made extensive recordings to country and people in the bereisten regions. When the envoy applied Ludwig Fabritius to the return journey to Sweden, fighter decided, to remain in the country and continue its research. After altogether four years in Persia a approximately one year's activity followed as a ship's doctor of the Netherlands eastIndian company (VOC) in the Indian area. After his arrival in Batavia, the administrative centre of the company in Eastern Asia, fighter tried to accept first unsuccessfully a place in the local hospital. In handling former Japan travelers and education in Batavia the plan matured for the comprehensive study of the country, which maintained very much limited handling the external world since 1639 only. From 1690 to 1692 fighter worked then as a physician in the commercial establishment Dejima (Deshima) in Nagasaki. Although the Europeans were allowed to leave the small island Dejima annually only to one to two daily trips, it succeeded to him to collect and evaluate owing to the co-operation of Japanese partners such as Imamura Gen'emon, Namura Gompachi, Narabayashi Chinzan etc. numerous objects, books and information. As a physician it was allowed to participate also in the annual yard journey of the Netherlands representative, that in Edo (today Tokyo) the Shogun thanks abzustatten had for permission for the trade with Japan. These two made possible it it to examine and expand these information and parts of the locked country from own opinion to become acquainted with.

1695 returned fighters to Europe. After the graduation in suffering, with which he gave ten Observationen to the best one, it established itself in the stone yard to Lieme close Lemgo. Here began with the evaluation of the accumulated treasures, but its medical practice and the activity as a body physician of the count Simon August to the lip in Detmold proved as extremely time and strength-robbing. The 1700 closed, little lucky marriage with more than 30 years younger Sophie Wilstach contributed to the increasing exhaustion. 1712 succeeded it to it finally to publish "„the Amoenitates Exoticae "“in the native Lemgo. To the pressure of a second manuscript ("„today's Japan "“) it did not come however any longer. At the age of 65 years Engelbert fighter died on 2 November 1716 in the stone yard to Lieme.

Large parts of the deduction taken over by the nephew Johann Hermann fighter were purchased 1723 and 1725 by the body physician of the English king and passionate collecting tank Sir Hans Sloane. This let the ungedruckte Japan manuscript translate and to publish 1727 under the title "„The History OF Japan "“. The systematic and comprehensive work filled a gap, there a comprehensive, newer description for many decades was pending. Already 1729 appeared the first editions of a French and a Netherlands translation. After the discovery of a second manuscript in the deduction of fighter niece, the reconnaissance aircraft and later Council of State Christian William Dohm published 1777-79 also a German version. Particularly the French expenditure was rezipiert intensively by European intelligence. Owing to the systematic conception and the wealth at information the work coined/shaped the European of Japan picture in 18. Century. At this milestone of the study of Japan later Japan travelers oriented themselves up to Philipp Franz of filter old.

Since the deduction Sloanes was received after its death as establishment collection into the collection of the British museum, this part of the Kaempfer existence for future generations could be saved. Fighter extensive library however became absent-minded due to 1773 an accomplished auction. Its "„album "“as well as documents of its divorce proceedings are in Detmold.

Substantial differences between the printouts of the Japan work pointed newer research out and in the British LIBRARY guarded manuscript. In the course of the critical edition of fighter works 2001 the original version was made for the first time accessible. Further publications of the deduction point impressive width and depth of the Lemgoer of physician, that with good reason to the most outstanding explorers 17. Century counts.

Works

• Exercitatio politica de Majestatis divisione in material et personalem, quam [...] in celeberr. Gedanensium Athenaei Auditorio Maximo Valedictionis loco publice ventilendam proponit Engelbertus Lemgovia Westphalus anno MDCLXXIII D. 8. Junii h. material Dantisci [=Danzig], Impr. David Fridericus Rhetius.
• Disputatio Medica Inauguralis Exhibens Decadem Observationum Exoticarum, quam [...] per gradu doctoratus [...] publico examini subjicit Engelbert Kempfer, L.L. Westph. ad diem 22. Aprilis [...] Lugduni Batavorum [suffer], apud Abrahanum Elzevier, Academiae Typographum. MDCXCIV.
• Amoenitatum exoticarum politico physico medicarum fasciculi v, quibus continentur variae relationes, observationes & descriptiones rerum Persicarum & ulterioris Asiae, attentione, in peregrinationibus by universe Orientum, collecta, starting from auctore Engelberto Kaempfero. Lemgoviae, Typis & impensis H.W. Meyeri, 1712.
• The History OF Japan, giving at account OF the ancient and present State and Government OF that Empire; OF Its Temples, Palaces, Castles and OTHER Buildings; OF its Metals, mineral, Trees, Plants, Animals, Bi*rds and Fishes; OF The Chronology and Succession OF the Emperors, Ecclesiastical and Secular; OF The original the cent, religion, Customs, and Manufactures OF the native, and OF thier trade and Commerce with the Dutch and Chinese. Together with A Description OF the Kingdom OF Siam. Written in High Dutch by Engelbertus fighter, M.D. Physician ton the Dutch Embassy ton the Emperor's Court; and translated from his original Manuscript, more never before printed, by J.G. Scheuchzer, F.R.S. and A of member OF the college OF Physicians, London. With the Life OF the Author, and at Introduction. Illustrated with many copperplates. Volume. I/II. London: Printed for the translator, MDCCXXVII.
• Fighter, close Elbe RTS Weyl. D.M. and Lippi Leibmedikus history and description of Japan. From the original handwriting of the author given change of Christian William Dohm ["…]. First volumes. With copper and Charten. Lemgo, in publishing houses of the Meyer bookshop, 1777; Zweyter and lezter volumes. With copper and Charten. Lemgo, in publishing houses of the Meyer bookshop, 1779.

Engelbert fighter, works. Critical expenditure in single volumes. Given change by Detlef Haberland, Wolfgang Michel, Elizabeth

• Today's Japan. - Munich: Iudicium Verl., 2001. ISBN 3-89129-931-1
• Letters 1683-1715. - Munich: Iudicium Verl., 2001. ISBN 3-89129-932-X
• Engelbert fighter in Siam ''. - Munich: Iudicum Verl., 2003. - ISBN 3-89129-934-6
• Notitiae Malabaricae. - Munich: Iudicum Verl., 2003. ISBN 3-89129-935-4
• Russia diary 1683. - Munich: Iudicum Verl., 2003. ISBN 3-89129-936-2
• Designs of Japanese plants ''. - Munich: Iudicum Verl., 2003. ISBN 3-89129-933-8

Literature

• Kapitza, Peter: Engelbert fighter and the European clearing-up. The memory of the Lemgoer traveler from cause its 350. Birthday on 16 September 2001. - Munich: Iudicum Verl., ISBN 3-89129-991-5
• Haberland, Detlef (Hrsg.), Engelbert fighter - work and effect. Franz Steiner: Stuttgart 1993, pp. 145-173.
• Haberland, Detlef (Hrsg.): Engelbert fighter (1651-1716): a scholar life between tradition and innovation. - Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005. - ISBN 3-447-05128-0

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