The diagram of flow of material systems serves for to the emphasis and elucidation of conditions and expirations, in order to point and more easily to judge to be able specific data and weak points out. (See Martin 2002, page 403)

Flow of material analysis one calls a seizing of the transportation procedures and - expirations, as well as storage and inadvertent stays of all materials in an enterprise.

A goal of this analysis is it to recognize weak points in-line and investigate their causes. Additionally it makes the determination and allocation of the flow of material costs to that takes part Bereichen.Der possible flow of material is more substantially cost and time-intensive factor. Therefore is entitled to the flow of material analysis also high strategic importance.

Bases

"“The diagram has the advantage of clarity and ensures a fast taking up of the substantial one"” (Martin 2002, page 29). As the simplest and also widen common method applies the graph theory, since it supplies easily comprehensible and also visible illustrations.

The most important elements are:

• Internal quantity places: e.g. camp, working on places, production areas, production plants, etc.
• External quantity places: e.g. supplier, wage manufacturer, customer, Entsorger
• Flow of material: regular flows of material from material places to another
• System border: specifies regarded frontier and separates internal material places from external.

With respect to a representation can be differentiated between a qualitative and a quantitative flow of material.

A) During the representation of the qualitative flow of material one proceeds from the schedules and represents only transportation relations, however no quantities. This reduced form of the representation is particularly used with transportation relations branched out strongly, since it promotes the clarity.

b) During the representation of the quantitative flow of material the qualitative flow of material is supplemented by outputs.

Data acquisition

Before a meaningful graphics can be provided, data must be raised over at the flow of material involved personnel, material, surface and transport and camp means. By mathematical presentation methods the generated information can be illustrated. Examples are tables of classification, of after stencils (see below), question lists, VDI evaluation stencils and also weighting stencils.

Of after matrix: Moved quantities, costs, time units, are assigned to the material places etc., which were won by the data acquisition.

In addition, graphic presentation methods, in particular diagrams, serve the visualization won of the data: e.g.: Bar chart, bar chart, staff diagram, pie chart, pie chart, line diagram, Kurvendiagramm.Die of diagrams enumerated here are used, in order to point out structures in the materials types, classifications, conditions of portions or partly also dependence between the materials.

A further example is the histogram, with which in particular frequentnesses can be well represented.

Variants

In order to represent, methods are needed, temporal dependence (successively, parallelism or independence), causal connections, directions, concatenations, bypasses of relations, etc. to illustrate be able the course of motion of the flow of material. A possibility is to be represented the expiration with the help of a flow chart, like for example to the Sankey - diagram.

In the Sankey diagram relations between the operational funds and also their directions are illustrated at the same time by arrows. There the Sankey plan quantitative flow of material represents becomes also their intensity (outputs) over the width of the arrows evidently. By the increased complexity of the type of representation it is useless with very branched relations and also at large number of flow of material. Usually a Sankey plan is provided only for main material flows (only relatively regular and flow of material relevant for the enterprise). The illustration right shows circumstances of the of after matrix described above on the basis a Sankey plan.

Further variants are: Bar graph, flow of material flow diagram, operational sequence plan, operating diagram and block model.

Often the representation of qualitative or quantitative flow of material takes place already directly in (rough) the layout. This methodology ranks fundamental problems possible in the river system among the two-dimensional designs and makes it already early to recognize. Only the main material flows are represented also here.

See also

• Table
• Diagram
• Matrix

Literature

• Dieter Arnold/dock Furmans: Flow of material in logistics systems. 4. Edition. Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-540-22800-4
• Klaus Bichler/Norbert Practice-oriented logistics. 3. Edition. Stuttgart 2004. ISBN 3-17-018147-5
• Harald honouring man: Logistics. 4. Edition. Kiehl 2003. ISBN 3-470-47594-6
• Heinrich Martin: Transport and storage logistics. 4. Edition. Vieweg 2002. ISBN 3-528-34941-7
• Ali Yacooub/Johannes Fresner: Is Enough helped - at Introduction tons of Cleaner Production. Self-publishing house. Beirut 2006. ISBN: 3-9501636-2-X
• Software: Sankey editor software for the production of (animated) Sankey diagrams http://www.sankeyeditor.net (English)

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