A food mark is a permission spent by the state for being allowed to receive certain food in a certain quantity.
Food marks are usually spent in times of distress, particularly in the war, to the population, in order to be able to administer the general lack of consumer goods better. The marks are summarized in food maps. Except food frequently also different consumer goods, heating material (coals) are e.g. rationed, clothes, luxury such as cigarettes and alcohol as well as gasoline. The permits are called then usually reference lights. For the distribution of a reference light, a justified request had to be provided. In Germany in the First World War at the beginning of of 1915 was rationed first bread, later also milk, fat, eggs and other food. The rationings, since by the British remote blockade hardly still food imported goods were possible, were necessary at the same time however the Binnenproduktion decreased/went back, since many farmers had been drawn in.
In the Second World War in Germany on 28 August 1939, two days before beginning of war, food marks were spent. The realm dress mark followed a little later. Also in other countries rationing measures became necessary. In parts of Germany food maps were used still until May 1958.
One received the consumer goods in the business and restaurants only, if one could deliver the food marks (and additionally naturally the sum demanded by the dealer paid). The marks were usually also divided after individual food (e.g. bread, sugar, fat); for example one could acquire bread with bread marks only. Often with food marks therefore on the black market bartering was operated.
To Georgien from 1980 to 1984 food maps were introduced, after the state forbade the farmer a free trade with agricultural products.
The rationing is to prevent that with an inflation released by extreme lack only wealthy one is able to satisfy their It leads however usually to the fact that (sometimes large) a part of the rationed goods any longer it does not reach the market is sold, but on the illegal black market at usually far higher prices (more frequently still in the bartering against high-quality goods). This permits immense profits to the black market operators, while the emergency of the population rises. In authoritarian states then the black market with drakonischen measures, is fought up to the death penalty.
The rationing is thus a little suitable to adjust the social imbalance. Also the inflation due to the lack cannot be steered without further dirigistische measures thereby. Occasionally it is added that the money becomes almost insignificant as means of the exchange.
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