Formal organization is a fixed regulation of in-plant operational sequence and structures. It is a firmly given order, which is usually also in writing fixed. The formal organization is provided explicitly, in the form of rules and permits mostly only small interpretation clearance.

Practice shows the fact that there are not the perfect formal organization and it therefore constantly to an interrelation between formal and informalen organizations comes. Therefore importantly informale organization is to be recognized, in order to promote for the working group and work success helpful structures. By informale organization conditioned systematized failure, or mismanagement, is to be worked against however.

Demarcation of the formal of the Informalen organization

At formal organization it acts for example around the definition of the division of labor, the description of operational sequences, or the definition of Weisungsbefugnissen.Die formal organization defines itself however actually only by its opposite - the informale organization, whereby both organization forms supplement each other symbiotisch. One did not thus the distinction between formal and informaler organization at all to meet, if not each coworker, or each working group would find its own creative way for the completion all these defaults.

The Hawthorne study

For the first time this deviation from the organizational defaults became, with which Hawthorne discovered and informale organization calls experiments (1924-1932). First this realization was however smiled at and dismissed as avoidable errors when organizing, until one had to finally see nevertheless that these unwritten laws of the work everyday life had often more influence on the fate of so some enterprise, as those probably thought out and formulated organization charts of the executive floor. Numerous empirical studies in the sociological organization research followed (particularly during the relation movementmovement relation movement in such a way specified) ever more clearly proven, it is how important to analyze the informalen structures within an enterprise around itself positive innovations too uses to make and unwanted habits from the work everyday life to banish!

Causes of the Informalen organization

One recognized a multiplicity of different developments and reasons for the informale organization:

• Informale standards, thus personal goals and interests of the coworkers of the official interests of the enterprise differed.
• Informale communication, thus changes of the communication ways within an enterprise due to of personal relations between coworkers
• Informale groups, thus unions of coworkers the same interests have, or e.g. same origin are.
• Informale leaders, thus persons due to your Charismas and your general popularity, suddenly more influence in the enterprise win, than would actually be intended for them.
• Difficult work requirements
• Unpleasant conditions of work

The economical organization teachings regard the informale organization still as rather disturbing, because helpfully. In opinion of the system theory and the cybernetics however, the formal organization moves into the background and serves if necessary supplementing, or correcting. The structures changed forming always again by the behavior and the differences of the coworkers and stand themselves here in the foreground and the ability to the self organization as natural characteristic of a social system one recognizes.

Literature

• Manfred training to living: Organization., 3. Edition 2002 Munich, ISBN 3-8006-2825-2
• A. Kieser, H. Kubicek: Organization theories, 2 volumes, Berlin 1978
• F.J. Roethlisberger: Management and work moral. Cologne 1954

Articles in category "Formal organization"

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