Framingham heart study / Kardiologie

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With the Framingham study the systematic investigation of the population of a city (Framingham) on causes and risks of the Koronaren heart illness and Arteriosklerose began 1948. Into the 1940er years wanted "the United States Public Health service "to know, why the heart illness is the most frequent cause of death in the United States and which factors of risk and/or environmental influences the rise of the illnesses such as cardiac infarct or impact accumulation (Apoplex) to constitute. In addition an epidemiological beginning was selected. First 5209 participants were won between 30 and 60 years of both kinds of sex for the study. 1971 was included the children of the first pro gangs, so that the study extended over two generations. The Framinghamstudie is the most important epidemologische study in the USA.

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Results

The results of this study belong in the meantime to the medical standard:

the lowering of the Cholesterinspiegels,
the attitude of the blood pressure
and the blood sugar (see table 2 and 3 in the article over heart insufficiency). Before the Framinghamstudie the blood pressure lowering, with women and older humans, was particularly taken not seriously enough. Only after collection of the data and investigations it became clear that also at these groups the blood pressure must be effectively lowered around subsequent diseases to avoid.

The study examined the American life-style and identified factors, which favour a heart illness or an impact accumulation: Cigarette-smoke, lack of movement, Gewichtszunahme, the 50 years of the execution of the study over 1000 scientific publications over them were written.

Tabular listing of the most important results:

1948	Beginning of the study
1956	First report on the rheumatism tables heart illness
1959	First report about factors of risk of the heart illness; Report over "mute "Infarkte
1960	Cigarette-smoke described as factor of risk
1961	Cholesterinspiegel, blood pressure and ELECTROCARDIOGRAM - changes as factors of risk
1965	First report over impact accumulation
1967	Sporty activities lower the risk of the illness, Fettleibigkeit increase it
1971	Beginning of the investigation of the follow-up generation
1974	Overview of the diabetes, its subsequent diseases and as factor of risk for the heart illness
1976	The Menopause is identified as a factor of risk
1977	Influence of the HDL, the LDL and triglycerides (see blood fats) on the heart illness described
1978	Influence of the psychosocial factors. Forecourt flares as risk for an impact accumulation
1981	Filter cigarettes do not offer protection; Relationship of and heart illness
1983	Report over the Mitralklappenprolaps
1986	First report about dementia
1987	Danger of the high Cholesterins and Fibrinogen
1988	Cigarette-smoke as factor of risk for an impact accumulation
1990	Homocystein is described as factor of risk for a heart illness
1993	Also moderate blood high pressure is a factor of risk
1994	Factors of risk for forecourt flares; The increased left heart half as factor of risk for impact accumulation
1996	The development from blood high pressure to the heart failure

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http://www.framingham.com/heart/
BMJ 2003; 327: 1238-1239 (29 November) - BMJ editorial; "Risk factor scoring for coronary heart disease. Prediction algorithms need regular updating"