Jacob (* 17. June 1920 in Nancy, France) be a French physician, physiologist and Genetiker, which with Jacques Lucien Monod the model develop and which term Operon coin. Explained this Jacob Monod model, like the activity by genes be switched on or off can (regularization of the gene activity). it kept 1965 common for it with Jacques Monod and Lwoff the Nobelpreis for physiology and medicine.

Biography and life's work

Jacob was born as an only son of Simon Jacob and Franck on 17 June 1920 in Nancy. After its school time at the Carnot in Paris it with the intention surgeon took up to become a study at that Parisians medical faculty. During the Second World War it had to interrupt however its study. During its second academic year in June 1940 it left France, in order to follow the Free French Forces in London. As a medical officer it participated in military operations in Fessan, Libya, Tripolitanien and Tunesien, where it was wounded. Thereupon one shifted it to the Second Armoured division, with which he was heavily wounded in August 1944 in normandy again. Seven months cured it in the military hospital its injuries out. Subsequently, it the Croix became de la (cross of release), which lent highest military war honor. After the war Jacob locked its medicine study 1947 in Paris with the acquisition of the doctor degree.

In the year 1947 Jacob married the Pianistin Lise Bloch. From the marriage four children followed: Pierre (* 1949), the philosopher became, Laurent and Odile (* 1952) and Henri (* 1954).

Because of its heavy war injuries Jacob could not become active as a surgeon. Thus he worked first in different other areas, until he turned to 1950 as a pupil of Lwoff at Institut Pasteur of biology. 1951 it locked its scientific study and attained 1954 to the Sorbonne with a work over lysogene bacteria and the pro virus concept ("“Lysogenic bacteria and the per virus concept"”). 1956 he was appointed the director of laboratory. Starting from 1960 he was director/conductor briefly before of the furnished department for cellular genetics at Institut Pasteur. it received a Professur at the de France to 1964, where a chair of the cell genetics for it was installed.

Jacob busy itself particularly with the genetic mechanisms in bacteria and bacteriophages as well as the biochemical consequences of point mutations. At the beginning of examined it the characteristics lysogener bacteria and proved their ruggedness opposite pro phages, which it explained by the existence of mechanisms in the bacteria, which restrain the activity of pro phage genes.

1954 began co-operation of many years and a fruitful with Elie Wollman, with which connections and relations between the genetic material of the bacterium were cleared up and its pro phages. These studies led to understand the bacteria conjugation and made an analysis possible of the genetic apparatus of a bacteria cell. In their co-operation they developed many new concepts: Thus they explained the details exchange between donor and receiver cells during a conjugation, proved the structure of the Bakterienchromosoms and discovered Episome. The results of their research work summarized it in the work and bacteria genetics.

Remarkable similarities between the controlling of the Lysogenie and the induced synthesis of the by lactose with bacteria inspired 1958 Jacob, together with Jacques Monod to clear the genetic mechanisms up which cause the details exchange between bacteria and which in bacteria steer induced synthesis of proteins. In this connection Jacob and Monod developed a model for cooperating modulator genes, operator and activator genes, structure genes as well as allosterischen proteins, the Repressoren, with the synthesis of messenger RNA (Transkription).

1963 advanced Jacob as well as Sydney burner the "“Replicon"” - hypothesis, in order to explain certain aspects of the cell division from bacteria to. Since then Jacob dedicated itself to the research of genetic mechanisms, which steer the cell division. it began 1970 to examine these mechanisms also at mammalian cells from cell cultures. In the same year the cell biologist the book La published logique you vivant, une Histoire de (the logic of the life, a history of the transmission), in which it beginning with that 16. Century substantial stations with the study of the organisms after-drew, which led up to molecular biology.

Honors

Beside the Nobelpreis for physiology and medicine 1965 Jacob in France numerous science prices were lent. To emphasize the Charles Mayer price is by the of the Sciences (1962). It is since 1962 foreign member of the Danish Royal Academy OF kind and Sciences, furthermore the American Academy OF kind and Sciences (1964), that national Academy OF Sciences OF the United States (1969) and the American Philosophical Society (1969). From several universities it received. 1958 it was invited to hold the Harvey lecture into New York and 1964 the Dunham lecture in Harvard.

1996 were taken up F. Jacob as a member to the fran§aise.

The two discoverers in the honour the opera on model is called for gene regularization also Jacob Monod model.

Related links

• http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1965/jacob-bio.html">Biography of Francois Jacob with Nobelprize.org

Articles in category "Frans Jacob"

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