Friedrich of Esmarch (* 9 January 1823 in "† 23 February 1908 in Kiel) was a German physician and the founder of the civilian Samariterwesens in Germany.

Life

Friedrich of Esmarch originated from an old schleswig holsteinischen minister and lawyer family, its father was a medical officer Friedrich Caspar Esmarch. Already 1830 drew the family after Rendsburg, where its father was active as a physician. Allegedly it was only more moderate to bad pupils, could take up however nevertheless the study of the medicine to Kiel. Some it studied time also in Goettingen. In the year 1848 attained a doctorate from Esmarch to the doctor of the medicine. Starting from 1854 he became a director of the surgical clinical center in Kiel.

War surgery and first assistance formed the emphasis in Esmarchs for vocational life. In the wars 1848, 1864, 1866 and 1870/1871 he could gain various experiences, which were received into his comprehensive "„manual of the war-surgical technology "“from 1877. It introduced the first-aid packet and the triangle cloth, likewise the splints and the Verbandtornister. In its hometown it became in addition due to its invention of the ice bag as "“Fiete admits. It had publicised the first assistance already in its often presented writing "„the first federation on the battleground "“from 1869.

Until 1898 it remained director of the surgical university clinic, a position, which it used for the introduction of many new methods. 1870 he became a surgeon general and advisory surgeon of the army. It developed to one of the most important accident surgeons 19. Jhdt. On Esmarch the triangle cloth decreases/goes back to the support with arm injuries and it developed two important procedures, which are used until today and its names to carry, the Esmarch Heiberg handle and the Esmarch blood emptiness.

Esmarch was secret Medizinalrat, honour member of numerous professional associations of in and foreign country, as well as carrier of a set of medals. It was married with the princess Henriette of Schleswig-Holstein and with it uncle of the emperor Wilhelm II. In acknowledgment of its earnings/services it was ennobled 1887. Scarcely 10 years later decided the to appoint it on 4 June 1897 the honour citizen of their city. 1903 he became honour citizen of the city Kiel. Still with lifetimes and in presence of the honouring on 5 August 1905 in the fixed image created by Adolf one revealed.

Esmarch deceased high-honoured in Kiel on 23 February 1908. The honour grave is in Kiel on the park cemetery calibration yard, field 27, No. 1.

Esmarch was well-known for the fact that he always operated in a black operation robe.

Esmarch as founders of the civilian Samariterwesens in Germany

Friedrich of Esmarch had learned the mechanisms of the there "„pc. John Ambulance Association to know during its participation in the international congress of hygiene in London in the year 1881 "“. This rescue organization had been created 1877 and everywhere in England medical schools had already furnished and freiwillige aid for the rescue and had trained.

Immediately after its home coming Esmarch at the beginning of began 1882 with the preparations to a first German Samariterkursus in Kiel. In this connection also its work developed "„first would help with sudden accidents - a manual for Samariter schools "“, which belonged to the most well-known first aid manuals, in the following decades finally into nearly 30 languages was translated and in the year 1931 its 50. Edition experienced.

It followed to 5. May 1882 the establishment "„of the German Samariter association "“in Kiel. In contrast to its English model the Kieler association should after the will of its founders however not the center one over the whole country spread branch society nature to be, but only as model for similar organizations serve, for which one wanted to stand with teaching materials or all necessary pieces of advice to the side. As consequence of the suggestion Friedrich of Esmarchs and after the model of the Samariter association in Kiel in different German cities in the following years Samariterkurse were likewise organized and/or further Samaritervereine was created.

When the number of the Samariterorganisationen in Germany increased, the need developed to combine the associations existing independently next to each other to a federation in order to develop and in relation to other combinations and also national authorities and institutions more closed and stronger to arise be able uniform principles. On the first German Samariter day in Berlin of 18. until 20 September 1896 the official establishment of the German Samariter federation was carried out, which carried the name "“German society for Samariter and emergency measures"” starting from 1908.

A representative of the Samariterwesens, medical advice Dr. Leopold Henius from Berlin, held on 22 June 1900 on the German congress of physicians in Freiburg in mash gau a lecture over "„the meaning of the Samariter and the emergency measures for the German physician conditions "“. Following this lecture the German congress of physicians decided the following guiding principles, with which the German Samariterbewegung experienced a confirmation its on the part of the German medical profession for the first time officially, what it since their establishment as the principles of its efforts had again and again explained:

"„The practice of the first assistance when accidents and sudden illnesses is entitled to the physicians. Uniform mechanism of the emergency service grants best safe and appropriate medical assistance.

Only in those cases, in which medical assistance is to be procured not immediately, in particular in the country and in small cities, consultation of the layman element is permissible. But the Samariter trained for the achievement of the first assistance particularly by physicians is to be limited to keep from the hurt one away everything which could harm it, to hand over and him as fast as possible medical supply. In large cities to appropriate mechanisms for the procurement of first medical assistance when accidents or sudden illnesses (rescue guards, first-aid posts, are to be maintained by the urban administrations or guaranteed financially. They correspond only then to the interests of the public like the physicians, if them

1. concerning the mechanism and its enterprise are subordinate to a medical overhead line; if
2. if on the guard or to places of the accident respectable the illness the assistance of physicians one carries out;
3. if they are limited to grant only the first and only unique assistance;
4. if the participation in the emergency service all physicians is permitted, the certain, conditions as agreed upon which can be settled to subject, which the condition agencies for permission to be submitted to be able;
5. if they have in order hurt suitable means of transport, and seriously ill person as fast as possible and in appropriate way into their dwelling or into a hospital to create;
6. pursue if it except the grant of first assistance of no secondary objects:
7. if the public no reports over occurrences with the hurt ones and gotten sick one to be made;
8. if without means ones the help is rendered free of charge, to other patient after the usual "“

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