Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller, since 1802 of Schiller (* 10 November 1759 in Marbach at the Neckar; "† 9. May 1805 in Weimar) was a German poet, dramatist, a philosopher, as well as a historian. It is considered to that as the most important German dramatist and is together with Goethe the central figure Weimar classical period. Many of its plays belong to the standard repertoire of the German-language theatres. Its Balladen rank among the most popular German poems.

Life

Origin, training and first successes

Friedrich Schiller was born as a son of the officer Johann Caspar Schiller and Elizabeth Dorothea Schiller geb. Kodweiss 1759 in Marbach at the Neckar. Since the father got an employment as an advertising officer, the family moved 1763 to Lorch. Briefly after 1766 its sister Luise was born, the family moved to Ludwigsburg. In the same year Friedrich occurred the latin school. Already with thirteen he wrote the not received plays "„Absalon "“and "„the Christians "“.

On herzoglichen instruction and against the will of parents he had to occur 1773 the military academy high Karl school Stuttgart and began first law studies. The pupils were covered with brutal, military twisting and it were still probably also therefore with fifteen years a Twice it was therefore hard punished. Secretly it schnupfte tobacco and read together with its comrades forbidden writings.

When 1775 the academy was shifted of lock Solitude into the city center of Stuttgart, Schiller changed the subject and began a medicine study. During this time it read intensively the works of the poets storm and urge and was occupied also with the poems of the literary critic Klopstock. In the same year he wrote the not received drama "„the student of Nassau "“. 1776 appeared its first printed poem "„the evening "“. It studied the works Plutarchs, Shakespeares, Voltaires, Rousseaus and Goethe. Likewise 1776 it began the work on the liberal play "„the robbers "“. 1779 it passed the first medical exams and asked for the dismissal. Only after conclusion of the thesis it was allowed to leave the military academy as an army surgeon 1780.

1781 completed Schiller the play "„the robbers "“, which was anonymous printed still in the same year. On the fortress Hohenasperg it met for the first time the poet Christian kind of thrust eingekerkerten there. On 13 January 1782 "„the robbers were successfully "“by the Mannheimer theatre. The piece kindled rejoicing towers in particular at the juvenile public. Also Schiller was despite the herzoglichen prohibition with its friend Andreas Streicher present. Duke Karl Eugen threw the insubordinate poet on it to fourteen days long in the prison and forbade to him until further notice to write comedies "„and such things "“. Liberty-inspired young people created many in the following months in South Germany "„gangs of robbers "“.

At the night of 22. on 23 September Schiller with Andreas Streicher from Stuttgart fled and traveled again to Mannheim, where he read out the drama "„to Fiesco "“. Journeys followed to Frankfurt/Main, Oggersheim and Bauerbach. At the end of of 1782 appeared the Anthologie on the year 1782 with 83, usually by Schiller wrote, poems. Schillers friend Streicher described the escape in the book Schillers escape from Stuttgart and stay in Mannheim from 1782 to 1785.

Uncertain years

With his stay in farmer brook (Thuringia) in the year 1783 make friends yourself Schiller with the librarian Reinwald from Meiningen, with which he co-operated and which late Schillers sister Christophine married. It completed there the work on "„Kabale and love "“(first "„Luise Millerin "“called) and began with the piece "„Don Carlo "“. After its return to Mannheim it got sick in September 1783 at the nerve fever (malaria), which was domestic in at that time still swampy country. In Mannheim Schiller worked until 1785 as a theatre poet and became acquainted with in this time also Charlotte of calf. 1784 were renamed Schillers piece "„Luise Millerin "“by August William Iffland in "„Kabale and love "“and like also the drama "„Fiesco "“. The theatrical director Wolfgang Heribert of Dalberg let Schiller fall and did not renew its contract not, which led to the fact that Schiller was to blame for itself highly and landed nearly in the debt tower.

Schiller began to develop an exchange of letters and a friendship with Christian Gottfried of grains, which published a total expenditure of Schillers works from 1812 to 1816. Duke Carl August lent the title of a Weimari advice to Schiller, after this read the first elevator "„of the Don Juan "“during a lecture. In April 1785 Schiller traveled to grains to Leipzig, where this helped him from the financial state of distress. In the summer close convenient village, to the joy "“, developed for the today's quarter Gohlis "„the Ode in the autumn followed it grains after Dresden Loschwitz in. During its stay in Loschwitz Schiller in the village blister joke in a Schankgut (today Schillergarten), lain opposite the Elbe, became acquainted with the daughter of the restaurant operator/barkeeper, Justine Segedin, which he later 1797 in "„boiling stone camps "“as "„Gustel of blister joke "“(5. Appearance, call of the first hunter) perpetuated. 1786 appeared to criminals from infamy in the second expenditure of the magazine Thalia the narration "„. A true history "“, which under the title "„the criminal from lost honour "“was published later.

On 21 July 1787 after Schiller Weimar and made there the acquaintance of Herder and how/as country traveled. While a journey by Rudolstadt he learned Charlotte of Lengefeld and their sister Caroline, which admits under its marriage name Caroline of Wolzogen became, after she published the Horen "“the novel first anonymous in Schillers magazine "„"„Agnes of lilies "“, which occasionally even Schiller was attributed.

"„Don Carlo "“appeared in this year and was immediately specified. After Goethe returned 1788 from his Italy journey, both met in Rudolstadt, without developing large interest for each other. Schiller terminated the work on the first and only volume "„of the history of the waste of the united Netherlands of the Spanish government "“and at the twelve letters over "„Don Carlo "“.

Articles in category "Friedrich Schiller"

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