With fishery one marks the industries, which concern themselves with catching and breeding fish and other water animals for the food production and subsequent treatment. The fishery ranks among the primary sector of the economy, to which also agriculture and mining industry belong. For a lasting fishery a reliable and fishery research on a long-term basis put on is important, how it is operated in Germany e.g. by the federal research institute for fishery.

A special form of the fishery is the aquaculture, breeding water organisms.

Also eddyless animals become imprisoned such as soft animals (Mollusca) and cancers (Crustacea), whose portion, as far as this is statistically at all seized, looks modest compared with which fish. Under the economically meaning Mollusken the shells prevail such as oysters, mussels and comb shells forwards, which are also managed in moderate zones. The numerous befischten kinds of large cancer such as lobsters, Langusten, emperor garnet or narrow lobster, as well as crabs and shrimps belong all into the category of the delicate meals.

The meat of cartilage fish such as sharks and skates, which result as by-product (Beifang) of the net and fishing rod fishery, find divided Zuspruch. From their liver, particularly of large kinds (e.g. Greenland shark) is won vitaminhaltiger Tran. The skin interspersed with Placoid denticles finds to sharpens from wood and for the production of leather use, which becomes belly rags of the thorn shark smoked and as Schillerlocken sold.

The main efforts of the deep-sea fishing apply however for a relatively small number of bone fish like the Clupeidae, aforementioned from the herring, as well as the Dorschartigen (Gadidae), among which also the Kabeljau ranks. Typical high sea-fish are the Makrelenartigen (Scombridae), which Thunfisch and its closer relatives

Historical to the fishery

approx. 70,000 - 10,000 v. Chr.

The first referring to seafaring trunks in Europe like e.g. bone harpoons and fish hooks (around 20.000 v. Chr.) originate from the younger paleolithic age

around 30.000 v. Chr.

Ozeanien: In the Pacific beside Australia also on the Bismarck archipelago and on Buka in the northern Salomonen inheritance of humans are found. There is this above all fire remainders and shell bowls. Also these humans must have mastered already short sea distances with boats.

approx. 20,000 - 10,000 v. Chr.

India: The culture layers of the are primarily at the edges of the large rivers. This shows that humans began this time at the latest off to shift their settlement areas of the steppes and mountain-slopes to the inland waters.

approx. 15,000 - 10,000 v. Chr.

China: Toward end exists to the last ice age in the north of the country and in today's Mongolia at at that time still numerous inland waters an early hunter and Fischer culture. Harpoons and shell remainders are from this time were found.

around 12.000 v. Chr.

At the Nile with Abd el-Quadir and Dschebel Sahaba early settlements by hunter and Fischer cultures are determined. The meaning of the fishery particularly points itself with the finds to the Catfish Cave (cat fish, Wels cave).

around 10.000 v. Chr.

Siberia: In the proximity of the Baikalsees the oldest harpoons and Fischer nets of this area are found. They show that humans in the southern Siberia lived to a large extent at that time on fishing.

starting from approx. 10,000 v. Chr.

Northern Europe: After fading away humans the large game moving northward follow the last ice age. At the northEuropean coast cultures of hunters, Fischern, and shell collecting tanks develop. These people settle gradually the coastal regions of Scandinavia, starting from that 8. Millenium becomes ice-free. They build the first boats of Northern Europe with skins over a stand from wood or pieces of antlers.

approx. 9500 v. Chr.

Northern Europe: From southFinnish peat bogs the remainders of Fischer nets and Schlittenkufen can from this time date to become.

around 4800 v. Chr.

Korea: The inhabitants around the today's Busan lived beside the hunt also on fishing and on collecting shellfish of the The presence of Japanese Topfscherben refers to an early trade relation.

around 3700 v. Chr.

Korea: The inhabitants in the south operate already high sea-fishing before all on low water soft animals, like and whales.

around 1000 - 300 v. Chr.

South America: Humans of the Chorrera culture at the coast today's Ecuador begin to use for fishing.

1500 n. Chr.

The is partly missing from unknown quantities a cause in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. and go into the southern North Sea. The Danish care loses its meaning as center of the fish trade. Fishing on the Doggerbank becomes now for the Dutchmen the most important source of income.

See also:

Kabeljaukrieg

Catch techniques and - methods

In the long history of the fishery are many catch techniques and - methods developed, which itself roughly in fishery in certain waters depths - and types as well as the catch method angewante thereby to arrange leave.

Each catch method consists of two phases

I. the controlling of the fish behavior, this are all measures, which cause a change of location of the fish by exciters.

1. Attract

2. Scheuchen

3. Indifferenz (the fish cannot oppose seizing)

II. seizing the catch object

1. Mesh (hooks with the Kiemen)

2. Labyrinth (staggered array-similar devices)

3. Seihen (Ke or Schleppnetz)

4. Hooks (fish hook or harpoon)

5. Suck (Fischpumpe)

Particularly made nets are pulled by the fishing vessels by the water or on the sea-bottom along. In the nets fish catch on board the ship are pulled, where they are frequently already processed, e.g. to frost commodity.

Special catch techniques are among other things:

Netzfischerei

There is two categories of Netzfischerei, a passive and an active. To the passive belong the placing and driving nets, which are laid out like senkrechte standing curtains. The top margin of the net (Obersimm) is with floats (fleets, glass balls cork, plastic float) provided, the lower (Untersimm) with weights (countersink, iron chains, lead among other things) weighted. If these heavy than the lift of the floats are, the net sits up as so-called placing net on the sea-bottom. With more weakly loaded Untersimm the net than driving net at the surface or in a desired depth can float. Passively thereby, the nets stationarily is gotten caught and that is to be understood the fish usually with the Kiemen or fins in the net, whereby over hang the mesh size remained booty (e.g. Dorsch, flat fish) decides. The driving nets are used for the catch of pelagischer kinds (herrings, Makrelen, salmon, Dorschartige among other things). Also so-called Gadder, mirror, becomes or three-wall nets uses, which consist of 2 or 3 together lying nets. The actual Fangnetz (interior yarn) is close. In or reciprocally a weitmaschiges net (mirror) is before-hung these. The fish swimming by the far meshes gets caught in the loose, it coating interior yarn, whereby the external nets prevent an escaping. With the active Netzfischerei Schleppnetze are used as. Only the ring calf used in layers (Purse its) is used purposefully approximately optically or with Echolot noticed swarms (salmon, Makrele, Thunfisch, Sardinen, herrings, Sprotten). These become with a fast boat umfahren, which lets a net long up to 500 m drive out outgoing from a stationary buoy or a ship's boat on a circular path, its to Obersimm at floats at the water surface is held and its Untersimm 50 to 100 m into the depth hangs. If the boat reached its starting point again, so that the swarm is enclosed inside the downward still opened ring calf, the Untersimm is pulled together by means of a tying line. The closed net is so far caught up with a power block, until the booty together-pushed in the bowllike net can be exhausted. The Schleppnetze are large bags, which are after-dragged either of one or two boats (Trawler) at two (Kurrleinen). The net mouth is kept open by the fact that floats lift the top margin of the net opening and weights pulls the lower edge (basic rope with roll table-ware) downward. To the Kurrleine are attached Scherrbretter, which drift outward, so that the net remains open to the sides. With the tree-type network (Baumkurre, beam trawl) the net mouth is kept open by a horizontal tree. The pelagische Schwimmschleppnetz (Flydetrawl), used in the herring fishery, usually dragged by two boats, works in each desired depth. The basic dragging nets slide with the basic rope and the Unterblatt with the so-called Steerk (to Cod end) above ground and take up everything, which arrives into the range of the net mouth. The use of basic dragging nets presupposes clean soils free of obstacles.

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