Galenos of Pergamon (dt. Galen, lat. Claudius Galenus; * around 129 in Pergamon, "† around 199 in Rome) were Greek physician and Anatom.

Life

Galen was born in at that time Greek Pergamon - the Bergama lying today in Turkey -, where also a temple stood for the welfare God Asklepios His father, the architect Nikon, informed him first in aristotelischen philosophy, mathematics and nature teachings. Its nut/mother was characterized as expressed biting, a characteristic, which also Galen can be attributed. Starting from approximately 146 Galen was occupied primarily with the medicine, studied in close proximity to Smyrna, which today's Izmir traveled and much, among other things also to Alexandria, which center of the welfare art at that time and the only place of the antique ones, at which human sections were accomplished. 158 it returned to Pergamon, was active as Wundarzt of the Gladiatoren and maintained at the same time a practice, which was well visited due to its call.

Starting from 161 Galen was active in Rome and after the healing of the respected philosopher Eudemos physician of the Roman aristocracy. Over 166 it left Rome probably due to a plague broken off there escape-like and took its place as Gladiatorenarzt in Pergamon. 168 it on request emperor Mark Aurels traveled after Aquileia, where among the Roman soldiers the plague had broken out, became then however its desire accordingly to Rome starting from 169 a body physician of the emperor son Commodus, later probably also the emperor Septimius Severus.

Work

In its work Galen synthesized two over centuries medical approaches in the conflict. The so-called "“empirical"” tradition became from Hippokrates (5. Jhdt. v.Chr.) based. This approach was decidedly non anatomically, prognostic and exclusively existed in the analysis of symptoms. The body was understood particularly before the foil of the four-juice teachings consisting of four juices. Each body has its individual equilibrium of these juices. If the juices come into the imbalance, it comes to Krankheit.Die of "“dogma tables"” the tradition goes on the Alexandrini medicine out of the 3.Jhdt. v.Chr back. Contrary to the empirical tradition is occupied the dogma tables with the firm components of the body. Their author Herophilus and Erasistratus are possibly first, which dissected one humans each. The symptoms of the patient were regarded as consequences of anatomical changes.

By its synthesis Galen into the Renaissance became inside the uncontradicted authority. Galen accomplished extensive sections and Vivisektionen at animals. He wrote almost 400 writings, to in 17. Served century and as medical training basis beyond that. These were collected after its death by Oribasius (326-403) in 70 books.

Many of Galens opinions over human anatomy were however wrongly, there he the sections at pigs, apes and dogs accomplished and in such a way won realizations on humans transferred. Galens of works formed the standard work for anatomical lectures. Galens achievements were regarded as complete, so that one did not see a cause for independent researching. Vesalius was first, that recognized that Galen had probably never dissected humans. Vesalius' work from the 1540ern revived the anatomical research.

Galen attached particular importance with the diagnosis of diseases to the investigation of pulse and urine. Further taught it, diseases with opposite (allopathischen) medicaments, Galenika so mentioned therapieren. A fundamental component of its teachings was among other things the Humoralpathologie, which is called also four-juice teachings.

Aftereffect

Galens systematically removed work, which was translated in the Middle Ages into the Arab, was in such a manner extensively and philosophically secured that it needed good 1400 years to be able to analyze it critically. Its views of the river of the blood became only in 17. Century by William Harvey and Marcellus Malpighi and partly approximately substantial of resistances revises.

Its version of the Humoralpathologie had as disease concept existence to in 19. Century.

Sometimes the Vena cerebri magna is called still "“Galens Vene"” and the Ventriculus laryngis as "“Galens ventricle"”.

After Galenus also the science of the preparation of the medicaments, is the Galenik, designated.

Literature

• Gerhard Fichtner: Corpus Galenicum (listing of the galenischen and pseudogalenischen writings). 1987

See also

• List of the important medical profession and physicians
• Medicine of the antiquity

Related links

• Galenus of Pergamon - lives and work: Detailed Biografie
• Galen biography in English
• Digital edition at the Berlin Brandenburgi academy of the sciences Galen - comment on Hippokrates, on the joints - the introduction and the first six comment sections of book I

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