Garcia Orta (* around 1499 in Castelo de Vide, "† 1568 in Goa) was a pioneer of the Botanik and pharmacy there.

Life

Is considered to the Jewish family coming physician converted from one in Portugal to the Christianity as a first European author of a paper over tropical medicine.

There Garcia Orta was born there as a son of the 1492 from Spain expelled Jew Fernando (Isaac) Orta and his Mrs. Leonor Gomes, which were both likewise converted "„new Christians "“.

Garcia Orta studied there in the kastilischen Salamanca as well as in de Henares Medizin.1523 returned it to Portugal and received permission as a physician to practice. Some sources designate it also as a physician at the Hofe of the Portuguese king Johann III.

it received 1530 there by of its uncle, Francisco Orta, physician of the later cardinal cathedral Henrique, a Professur for logic at the university from Coimbra. 1533 it was accepted to the senate of this university.

Assumed that it saw itself forced to 1531 after announcement of the establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal, the country is left to, in order to prevent pursuits. To 12. March 1534 it always left Portugal and traveled with its family to India. It had accepted the post of a body physician of Martim Afonso de Souza, who, appointed mor the DO Mar the accomplished 1533 military actions in India. From 1534 -1538 thereby Garcia accompanied it there Orta as an army surgeon. Starting from 1538 it established in Goa and developed themselves an existence as physician and a dealer for spices and herbs, in addition, for jewels. He became a respected physician and a wealthy buyer, who possessed several ships and houses. In Goa developed also a friendship of many years with the Portuguese national poet Vaz de as well as to Martim Afonso de Souza, who was between 1542 and 1545 governor of India.

Around 1543 he married Brianda de Solis, who had come one year before with its parents to Goa.

In Goa Garcia became acquainted with Orta the practical knowledge of the Arab medical profession, the Perser as well as the Hindu physicians and anwenden.1543 accomplished there physicians, under it Garcia there Orta, at Choleraopfern the first Autopsie in India. Above all however Garcia announced itself Orta there with the large variety of the native welfare plants and medicines. For its botanischen and pharmaceutical studies he put on a large botanischen garden on him belonging the island by Bombay. Here he experimented with plants from Europe and India, in addition, from Persia and China.

Its large theoretical and practical knowledge published he 1563 in its work DOS simple e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais there . The book became generally accepted in Europe fast and became the standard work of the early European tropical medicine.

Already 1567 took place an expenditure changed shortened in many passages and via the French Botaniker Clusius (Charles de L' Ecluse) and 1572 by Juan Fragoso a first translation in Spanish on the 1574 by Clusius and do not develop revised expenditure, not on the original Garcia extended there Ortas, further translations in the Italian (1576) and French (1601). Also the Portuguese physician and Botaniker de Acosta (haven.: Costa) built in its 1578 in Burgos work Tractado de appeared there read Drogas y Medicinas de read Indias Orientales: Con Sus Plantas Debuxadas aluminium Biuo in far passages on Garcia there Ortas texts up. Both medical profession had met in India and common scientific studies had operated. Only 1872 appeared a new edition of the work in Portuguese language, nearly forgotten in Portugal.

In its last Lebensjahren Garcia had to fight there to Orta with large financial and family problems.

It escaped the access of the 1560 also in Goa established Inquisition only by its death in the year 1568.

Nevertheless against it and a procedure was opened to other family members because of the secret practice of the Jewish religion. 1569 were therefore burned its sister Catarina in Goa.

After under the torture statements forced by relative (sister, brother-in-law and others) there Garcia became Orta in December 1580 (!) guiltily spoken, its Gebeine publicly burned and ash in the sea scatters.

Works

• Aromatum et simplicium aliquot medicamentorum apud Indos nascentium historia. - s.l. : s.n., 1985 approx. (Repr. D. Expenditure. Antwerp 1567)

Literature

• Carvalho, Augusto there S.: Garcia de Orta. - Lisboa: s.n., 1934
• Ficalho, Francisco M. de: Garcia de Orta e o seu speed. - Lisboa: Casa de Moeda, 1983 (Repr. D. Expenditure. Lisboa 1886)

Articles in category "Garcia there Orta"

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