Johann Gregor Mendel (* 22. July 1822 in village, circle Troppau in Austrian Schlesien (today local part of with Neutitschein, Tschechien); "† 6 January 1884 in (today Brno, Tschechien)) were and natural scientist.

Most of its publications treat meteorological topics. He was inspired bee breeder and examined the transmission of characteristics with peas. It discovered the rules of the transmission and therefore often also as a father of the genetics is designated.

Personal record

Mendel was born as an only son of Anton and raisin Mendel. It had an older and a younger sister. Already as a child it helped in the parental garden when improving the fruit trees and in the garden the village school bred it bees. In its youth he worked also as a gardner.

Although parents did not have money, in order to finance its training reasonably, it visited the High School in Troppau. Here it began to breed bees. It visited 1840 - 1843 philosophical Institut in Because its sister had done without her inheritance, it could lock the training 1843 with very good notes.

On recommendation of its physics teacher, the Paters Dr. Friedrich Franz, he became 1843 monk with the Augustinern in Austria Hungary (Gregor is its medal name). Thus it could itself to load without its parents financially and concentrate without constant concerns around its maintenance, completely on its scientific interests.

1844-1848 it studied theology at the theological institute. Still before the conclusion it was geweiht 1847 to the priest. A place was provided for it as an auxiliary teacher at the local High School.

After failed teaching profession examination Cyrill Napp, the abbott of the monastery made, from 1851-1853 a study at the University of Vienna for it possible. He worked among other things at professor Christian Doppler, the discoverer of the Doppler effect. From this Mendel acquired its mathematical talents. It concerned itself also with Zoologie, Botanik, paleontology and chemistry.

1853 it returned to and worked on the state six-form high school as an auxiliary teacher.

it began 1854 on recommending its professors and his colleagues in the monastery to examine variants with plants. It used the garden of the monastery, in order to accomplish with a selection of suitable sorts of the pea of crossing experiments. It regarded characteristics of the Erbsenpflanzen and - seeds, which were to be differentiated clearly, for example red or white-flowering peas, such with yellow or green seed etc. it crossed, by bringing the Pollen to race on the scars of the other race. With this old technology it examined many seedlings unusually. From 355 artificial fertilizations it pulled 12,980 hybrid plants and could so secured results of the rainful fragmentation of the characteristics show. 1856 it began again to the teaching profession examination and could not these again not successfully lock.

Between 1856 and 1863 he cultivated roughly 28,000 Erbsenpflanzen. 1862 it created the "“natural scientist association with other friendly natural scientists from the environment. From its experiments two general "“laws"” followed, which admit later than Mendel laws became. After its appointment as the abbott he had to dedicate however hardly still time extensively its attempts and adjusted himself these therefore to a large extent.

1868 he became an abbott of the monastery in Therefore it had to give the 1853 up accepted place at the state six-form high school. There it was 14 years active and as if moderate and very popular teacher estimated. He said that these years luckiest its life been the waren.1869 he published the essay "“over some Hieracium hybrids"” won from artificial fertilization.

In its last years it was complicated into a tax litigation with the state. In the spring 1883 got sick Mendel at a renal disease, which led to a general water craze. Mendel deceased on 6 January 1884 in

Work

Retroactively it is assumed that Mendel did not accomplish its attempts in such a way as described. The experiments would have been too Besides it is accepted that those probably came statistically to exact results by omitting the deviating data. These blemishes do not diminish however by any means the meaning of his realizations, it thereby if necessary the further study of the area blocked themselves.

Only 16 years after its death, at the beginning 20. Century, its research was independently rediscovered by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich Tschermak. Still later, in the 1920er and 1930er years, its work became the basis of modern evolution biology and became than Mendel laws generally admits. Are its activities than Meteoroligist and admit less. Over the latter all recordings were unpublished destroyed. It had even 50 peoples with bees of all continents.

Meaning Mendels for the genetics

Mendel succeeded it to describe the leaving laws by crossing attempts with reinrassigen breed forms of peas, which differ only in few hereditary factors (genes). With the realization that the genetic total information of an organism consists of individual genes it was weakened, objections by opponents of the selection theory. These had stated that characteristics developed again would disappear by "“mixing transmission"” in the course of the generations thinned out and.

Trivia

Although itself Gregor Mendel much with peas busy, it did not rank these by any means among its favourite plants. Like many of its contemporaries 19. Century was very much done it of Fuchsien, since early 19. Century increased from south and Central America as well as from New Zealand and selected a for its coat of arms was introduced, when he was selected 1868 to the abbott of his monastery.

Works

• Gregor Mendel: Against communism and socialism, in: Reports k.k. Schlesi society for the transport of the building of fields, nature and regional studies 57 (1877), P. 6-8.
• Gregor Mendel, Erich von Tschermak Seysenegg: Attempts over plant hybrids. 2 papers 1866 and 1870, German publishing house, Frankfurt/M. 2000, ISBN 3-8171-3121-6

Literature

• Dietmar Grieser: Great moments of the science. Austrian genius of Gregor Mendel to Lise Meitner, Heyne, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-453-17854-8
• Robin M. Henig: The monk in the garden. The history of the Gregor Mendel and the discovery of the genetics, argon publishing house, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-87024-528-X
• Roger clear one: Gregor Mendel. Father OF genetics, Enslow Books, Springfield, N.J. 1997, ISBN 0-89490-789-1
• Rolf solder ago: Wegbereiter of the genetics. Gregor Johann Mendel and August pointing man, German publishing house, Frankfurt/M. 1990, ISBN 3-8171-1130-4
• Jiri Munzar: Gregor Mendel's first, up to now unpublished paper over meteorology, in: Proceedings OF the Gregor Mendel Colloqium, June 29 - July 3, 1970, Moravian museum, Brno 1971, P. 185-187

Related links

• Klaus cook, genetics: Mendel in the crisis ("“South German newspaper"”, 24. March 2005)
• Mendel photo essay
• MendelWeb
• Mendel museum (Tschechien)
• Computer simulation to the Mendel laws
• Abitur preparation for the basic course biology
• Web learning course to Mendel law with progress control (outstanding)
• The Mendel laws
• Wolf Ekkehard Johann Gregor Mendel

Articles in category "Gregor Mendel"

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