Hermann Paul Nit / Neurologist

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Dr. Hermann Paul Nit (* 25 November 1876 in Colditz; " 25. March 1948 (execution) in Dresden) was in the third realm a director of the welfare and institutes for care Leipzig and Pirna Sonnenstein, consultants and medical directors/conductors of the action T4.

Origin and study

Hermann Paul Nit was born on 25 November 1876 in Colditz with Leipzig as a son of a physician. It studied medicine in Leipzig and Goettingen and attained a doctorate 1902 in Goettingen with a work over "to memory disturbances in two cases of organic brain illness ".

1904 to 1908 he was an assistant with the psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin as well as Assistenz and/or department physician at the urban lunatic asylum in Frankfurt A.M. and/or the university clinics Heidelberg and Munich. it changed 1913 to Dresden as an upper physician in the urban welfare and institute for care.

With the founder of the German eugenics Alfred Ploetz since 1910 well Dr. Nit admits, took part in of the Dresdener exhibition to the eugenics 1911. Later it than psychiatrist at the welfare and institute for care Pirna Sonnenstein was active.

Director of the welfare and institute for care Leipzig

In April 1918 he was ordered to the director of the welfare and institute for care Leipzig 1925 destined as the professor, who were promoted Dr. Nit 1927 to the advisory psychiatrist for institute questions of the Saxonian federal state government. It was concerned already in the early twenties with the question, how are gone around with psychologically patients and their reproduction should. In scientific lectures it expressed itself for a prevention of the reproduction possibility of spirit patients. It ranked already 1933 ago among the prominent representatives of a race-hygenically aligned psychiatry.

Director of the welfare and institute for care Pirna Sonnenstein

On 1 August 1928 it returned as a director at the welfare and institute for care Pirna Sonnenstein. He worked also here on scientific questions to hereditary biology and Forensik. It contributed general therapy and prophylaxis of the mental disorders as its most important work the chapter ""for "the manual of the mental disorders ", which was published by Oswald Bumke and as standard work applied. It faced an obligation sterilization at that time still rejecting. A change of mind suggested itself 1930, when it talked as a co-author of the accompanying text to the department "mental hygiene "of the second international hygiene exhibition in Dresden one "comprehensive population politics "the word. At the latest starting from 1933, when with "the law for preventing hereditaryill new generation "obligation sterilizations were officially introduced, Dr. expressed itself Nit unreservedly for this measure. It admits itself now also as an advocate of the ideas of being thing and Hoche. The destruction "life "is no offence against elementary human fundamental rights, but on the contrary a requirement of humanity lebensunwerten.

Already 1936 introduced Dr. Nit to Pirna Sonnenstein into selfinitiative a hunger food, in order to increase the number of deaths rate from patients to, who had lost the right to a further life after its race-hygenic conceptions as "ballast existences "and represented an unnecessary financial load of the society. As medical leaders remained it up to the transformation of the welfare and institute for care into an institute for instituteinstitute for the action T4, that as "euthanasia systematic killing of spirit patients and obstructed at the end of of 1939.

Politically it already committed itself 1933 by its entrance into the NSDAP. He became a judge at the hereditary health upper court in Dresden. As a secretary "of the German association for psychiatry "it sketched the statute for "the society of German neurologists and psychiatrist ", who appointed it 1935 the managing director.

In January 1940 Dr. Nit decreased/went back again to the welfare and institute for care Leipzig and took over on 1 February 1940 the there office business.

Consultant and medical director/conductor of the action T4

The director/conductor of the office II of the Kanzlei of the leader, upper service leader Viktor Brack, which was assigned the organization of the action T4, contacted at the beginning of the yearly 1940 Dr. Nit with the request, for the killing "of the euthanasia "- victims a medicamentous procedure to develop and test. Dr. Nit decided for the bar bit urate "Luminal ", a sleeping drug, which was used among other things against epilepsy and for the demanded intended purpose of two crucial advantages exhibited. On the one hand it was and a concomitantly quantitatively sufficiently existing medicine usual in all hospitals, which was deadly on the other hand only with higher dosage and directly to death did not lead, but to health complications, which entailed the death of the patient only after some days. Death could be attributed thereby to one "a natural "cause. Dr. Nit coined/shaped for this the term "Luminalschema "and tested this procedure on over 100 patients.

Starting from 28 February 1940 as T4-Gutachter actively, Dr. finally became Nit at the 1. May 1940 to the T4-Organisation delegated and there first as upper consultants and a deputy medical leader uses. Starting from December 1941 it replaced Professor Dr. Werner Heyde as a medical director/conductor of the action T4.

According to a statement of George Andreae, the departmental head for welfare service as well as the welfare and institutes for care of the Provinzialverwaltung Hanover, on 08 August 1961, expressed itself Dr. Nit to "the euthanasia "- action as follows: "It is nevertheless wonderful, if we will be able to drive the ballast in the institutes and now correct therapy. "

As medical directors/conductors of the action T4 it belonged to the chief executives for the killing of approx. 70,000 patients and obstructed. In addition it was the initiator of the medicamentous killings in the phase of the so-called "wild euthanasia ", which replaced these after the official stop of the action T4 in August 1941 and demanded again at least 30,000 victims. Also at the action 14f13 Dr. Nit was involved as consultants, who selected the potential victims among the prisoners, who became then in the two institutes for instituteinstitute Pirna Sonnenstein and hard home guest in the concentration camps.

Judgement and execution in Dresden

Still in the spring 1945 Dr. Nit in Sebnitz was arrested. The test results made by Soviet agencies were handed over on 20 June 1946 to the German judicial authorities into Saxonia. The regional court Dresden raised on 7 January 1947 accusation against Dr. Nit and further 14 authors. Dr. Nit referred to his point of view, according to which the killing was scientifically and also socially justified by incurably patients and kept itself against the charge of murder. With judgement from 7 July 1947 he was condemned however to death. After refusal of the appointment by the higher regional court Dresden, the judgement became to 25. March 1948 by the drop hatchet executes

Literature

Boris/Markwardt, Hagen: Hermann Paul Nit (1876-1948) to the Biografie of a reform psychiatrist and a main participant of the LV "euthanasia", in: Donation Saxonian memorial places (Hg.): National Socialist euthanasia crimes. Contributions for the processing of their history in Saxonia, Dresden 2004, ISBN 3937602321
Clover, Ernst: "Euthanasia "in the LV state. "The destruction lebensunwerten life ". S. Fischer publishing house, Frankfurt/Main 1983, ISBN 3100393031
Clover, Ernst (Hg.): Documents to "the euthanasia ". Fischer paperback publishing house No. 4327, Frankfurt/Main 1985, ISBN 3596243270. -
Aly, (Hg.): Action T4 1939-1945. "The euthanasia "- center in the zoo route 4. Edition Hentrich, 2. extended edition, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3926175664
High man, Joachim S.: "The euthanasia "- process of Dresden 1947. An time-historical documentation, Frankfurt A.M. 1993
Schilter, Thomas: Inhuman discretion. The National Socialist "euthanasia "- institute for instituteinstitute Pirna Sonnenstein 1940/41, Leipzig 1998
Mitscherlich, Alexander and Mielke, Fred: Medicine without humanity, documents of the of physician process, Frankfurt A.M. 1960