Hwang Woo suk (* 29 January 1953 <small> EN: WP: To Hwangs birthday gives it due to different calendar systems different data. After the Gregorian calendar it was born on 29 January 1953. Older Koreans indicate their date of birth however frequently after the Korean Lunisolarkalender, according to which Hwang was born on 15 December 1952, from which institutions also renowned already designed the completely wrong date 15 December 1953. in the district Buyeo, Chungcheongnam DO) is a South Korean veterinarian and scientist, to who to the turn of the year 2005/06 one proved one of the largest falsification scandals of modern research history to have caused.

Hwang had excited first world-wide attention in the year 2004, when he admits large progress in the main cell research gave: One of it published study according to it it had succeeded to design for the first time with the help of a cell core transfer a cloned human embryo and derive from it main cells. 2005 publications over a cloned dog and eleven allegedly custom-made embryonale master cell lines with the hereditary property followed ill humans. In December 2005 it turned out however that the eleven master cell lines, which were shown on 17 June 2005 in the renowned magazine Science published and on their title page format-filling, when has to apply for total falsification. At the beginning of January 2006 was unmasked also the master cell publication from the year 2004 as falsification. Clones of a dog in the year 2005 as correctly implemented one recognized.

Hwang researched at the Seoul national University (SNU) and to the Dekan of the animal-medical college was selected, until he withdrew in November 2005 due to first reproaches from all scientific and public offices and gave up in December also its chair.

Scientific career

Hwang Woo suk originates from simple social conditions and received as only its Grundschule class academic training. it was attained a doctorate to 1982 to the doctor of the veterinary medicine, since 1999 gained it the tool to clones of animals.

In the year 2004 Hwang became internationally admits, after he had published the successful production of human main cells from a cloned embryo. After the publication of these results of working the professor became from Seoul a world-wide umworbener star of the science and a national hero celebrated in its homeland. The South Korean post office dedicated stamps to him, and the national railway donated a lifelong free travel map it. Last its refusal of offers of foreign research institutes under emphasis of its national loyalty did not promote its popularity to South Korea. It stood under special police protection, since the South Korean government was afraid a kidnapping to North Korea. The pig embryos cloned in its Institut were likewise transported with police escort to animal husbandry, in order into sows to be implanted there.

Hwangs research to new therapy procedures should not be based alone on human embryonalen main cells; rather he experimented at the same time with methods of the Xenotransplantation of heart, liver and kidneys with genetically changed pigs, which immune genes of humans had been inserted. In this way repulsion reactions should be avoided, which arise to transplantierten fabrics with stranger regularly.

From its working group also the first cloned dog originates named "“Snuppy"”, which was introduced in August 2005 of the public. The name Snuppy is formed for University SNU from the abbreviation of the Seoul national and puppy (English for "“puppy"”). The US-American magazine "“Time"” the clone dog for the most amazing innovation of the yearly 2005.

In most countries that is forbidden to clones by human embryos, in South Korea however this form of the main cell research by the government is strongly promoted. The clone expert Hwang was therefore explained as first by altogether ten "“highest scientists"” of the country, who are to secure Korea an international point place in this area.

Falsification reproaches

In May 2005 Hwang presented Woo suk with its team eleven custom-made main cell lines, for which only 185 donated Eizellen were used: Developed on the basis this was considered to 31 cloned embryos as a comparatively efficient "“yield"”; this is an important condition for a possible future introduction of therapeutic cloning into the medical everyday life. The improvement of the Klonierungstechniken was regarded also the magazine published study printed of its researcher colleagues as the most important aspect these in May von Science first on-line and on 17 June 2005 also in.

In November 2005 it came to a first scandal into Hwangs laboratory, when the researcher had to grant that two of his woman employees had donated Eizellen against payment for the embryo research. Hwang argued off from this (at that time) procedure legal in Korea to have known; in the course of the discussions following on it Hwang withdrew however as a chairman of the world main cell bank and withdrew themselves also from all other national and private organizations. In the middle of December 2005 reproaches were added, Hwang the data of its publication to the eleven master cell lines manipulated.

The investigation of the reproaches

A Untersuchungskommision of its university came first to the result that at least nine of the eleven main cell lines, which he wants to have cloned were not independent cell lines, which were thus deliberately falsified data of the publication. Hwang offered thereupon the resignation from its Professur on, however further, he stressed the technology for the production of master cell lines had very probably controlled.

At the end of December communicated the commission of inquiry in a further interim report that on 17 June 2005 in Science published study is a total falsification. Hwang could not furnish any proofs for the fact that he actually on the patients custom-made embryonale main cells manufactured could. The publication is based on two cell lines, which were won from normally fertilized Eizellen, not in the laboratory of Hwang, but in the Seouler Miz Medi hospital, which had cooperated closely with the team of Hwang. DNA analyses would have shown that the two cell lines agreed not with the patient DNA.

In the final report of the commission of inquiry, which on 10 January 2006 one published, it meant then, of all alleged research results only the successful clones of the dog had Snuppy from the year 2005 existence. However Hwangs team could furnish no scientific vouchers for the production of human embryonalen main cells. Also the results of the 2004 in Science published study over those allegedly first production of a master cell line from a cloned human embryo are falsified; among other things photos and DNS analyses were manipulated. Hwang cloned actually human embryos and was not able up to the Blastozyste cultivated, it it however to win from it main cells.

The Science publications valid as total falsification had been published not alone of Hwang Woo suk, but exhibited the names of numerous Ko-authors. Their possible connivance, particularly of Sung the Keun Kang, which worked with Hwang in the same laboratory, remained unsettled. The investigation report demanded strict punishments for the clone researcher.

Besides at the beginning of of February 2006 communicated the South Korean audit office, a part of the national research funds on Hwangs private accounts was led, without one could reconstruct their exact use. Thereupon also a staatsanwaltliches preliminary investigation was introduced against the researcher.

Hwang Woo Suk called itself according to a Korean press report the mark repeated from 31 December 2005 to as a victim of a Komplotts. In press reports of at the beginning of March 2006 was called it then however, Hwang had granted opposite the public prosecutor's office even the order for the falsification of the findings over alleged master cell lines to have given. The coworker assigned by him up-cleaned, in in each case two tubes distributed and then as cloned cells presented normal body cells. It repeated at the same time its earlier warranty to control the technology to clones of patient-specific embryonaler main cells since 2004.

The sanctions against Hwang by the university

In the middle of March 2006 became admits that Hwang the South Korean license was extracted from the master cell research to the work in the area. Furthermore the national university communicated in Seoul that it will halve it from the university service to dismiss and its future requirements for pension. As consequence of the dismissal Hwang besides for five years the entrance to public research subsidies one block. Reductions in salary and nonjudicial punishments were imposed at the same time against four further professors, from who for maximally three months the training power was extracted and for 18 months the power for participation in graduation procedures. Two of in such a way punished ones were jointly responsible for the disputed studies as CO authors, who had let themselves both different be proven than CO authors, although they had not had any portion of the studies.

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