The Independent Television network (ITV) is a network from several (formerly) commercial Fernsehstationen from each other acting in Great Britain.

Emergence

Since the late 1940ern the BBC the exclusive television monopoly in Great Britain, which 1954 were broken after long political struggle by the Independent Television act, held. The Independent Television Authority (ITA) developed, the first supervision instance of the commercial television. After some considerations the ITA decided to establish a network from regional television stations to which could act from each other independently, but coupled nevertheless so with one another was that transmissions and films could run also in the complete private television at the same time. Between 1955 and 1968 additionally still another separation existed between on workdays and weekend in the three large regions (London, Midlands, Norden), i.e. a transmitter received the right to send from Monday to Friday and another from Friday evening to Sunday. This separation in the north and waived in the Midlands 1968, existed however formally still in the capital. By the emergence of the ITA the worde system of the BBC under her general manager Hugh Charlton Greene in a forced manner to reforms.

On 22 September 1955 the Londoner transmitter Associated Rediffusion radiated the first private television broadcast. From the beginning also - contrary to the BBC - television commercial was part of the program.

The first transmitters of the new private television resulted usually from the fact that the large cinema operators "“let down themselves"” in addition with their largest enemy to co-operate, pure TV-societies pushed only into the early 1960ern in addition.

1963 were completed the network, i.e. each region had received its own television station:

• London, on workdays: Associated Rediffusion (a product of the famous Associated new PAPERs)
• London, weekend: ATV London ("“Associated TeleVision"”, favourite toy of the famous Medienmoguls Lew of degrees)
• Midlands, on workdays: ATV Midlands
• Midlands, weekend: ABC Television (property of the ABC Cinema Group)
• The north, on workdays: Granada Television (property of Granada Cinemas)
• The north, weekend: ABC Television
• Northern Ireland: Ulster Television
• Scotland: STV
• English/Scottish border area: Border Television
• Northeast: Tyne tea TeleVision
• The east: Anglia Television
• The south: Southern Television
• Channel islands: Channel Television
• Wales and the west: TWW (Television Wales and the west)
• Walisisch sprachiges TV: Teledu Cymru (taken over after bankruptcy of TWW)
• Southwest: Westward Television in addition came still the "“special case"” ITN (Independent Television news), a Nachrichtendienstleister, which was financed together by all ITV institutes, in order the transmitters, which only for regional messages were responsible, with national radiated messages to supply.

1963 was written out the licenses, it remained however everything again for the first time with the old, the first large quake took place only in the next license assignment round. The only slight change was that from Associated Rediffusion by the retreat of Associated new PAPER Rediffusion London became.

The late 60's-years

ITV developed after initial teething troubles to a large success and could even the BBC in the spectator favour over wings, which tried to fight by the introduction against BBC the 2, this succeeded however only again into the 1990er-Jahren.

1967 was written out the new licenses, this time with more important effects than the advertisement of 1963. It was decided that the north was divided again into northwest and Yorkshire/Lincolnshire, thus lost Granada TV a large area, received however permission for sending the whole week long; the new area fell into the hands of Yorkshire Television. Into the Midlands now ATV was allowed to send the whole week, as exchange against London on weekend. Thus now however ABC Television without transmission area was, the ITA wanted however ABC not to lose and did not force the company to a fusion with Rediffusion London, from which the transmitter Thames Television developed. Additionally it succeeded to lord Harlech by its friendship at the ITA chairman at that time, lord Hill, to actually tear the license for Wales and the west it developed for Harlech Television, TWW lost in such a way in bitter way its right of existence, received however interestingly enough still some additional months transmitting time, because Harlech was ready Television not yet, this however under the name Independent Television service Wales and the west (ITSWW). The freed license for London on weekend went to the so-called "“frost Consortium"”, under which line of David frost from London Weekend Television (LWT) developed.

Thus thus the following changes developed:

• Wales/the west: TWW - > Harlech Television (renamed with introduction of the colour television to HTV)
• Yorkshire/Lincolnshire: Yorkshire Television
• Northwest, Granada Telvision
• Midlands, ATV
• London, on workdays: Rediffusion London - > Thames Television
• London, weekend: ATV London - >London Weekend Television

The 70's-years

The 1970er-Jahre was probably the most successful era in the history of the ITV network, ATV e.g. produced also internationally successful transmissions like the Muppet show, Crossroads, UFO or The Persuaders (with Roger of moorlands and Tony Curtis), Thames, LWT and Granada could likewise various successes abroad register.

In the process of the 1970er years found also the transformation of the old ITA to the IBA, which "“Independent Broadcasting Authority"”, whatever was responsible for private, local radio from now to. Likewise the arrival second, of channel controlled of the IBA, appeared but that was still future music. Into the 1970er-Jahren no new Lizenzvergabe took place.

The 80's-years

1980 came it to the new license assignment. ITV suffered a strong vibration by the fact that one forced ATV to become smaller and transform, since it was related to its region according to IBA not sufficiently. Thus Independent Television became, a product that the requirements of the IBA fulfilled, but more the success of ATV never reach could from ATV cent ral.

Besides two old-established transmitters lost their licenses to modern newcomers, i.e. Westward at TSW (Television South west) and Southern at TVS (Television South). That in addition came still another country-wide offerer of breakfast television, tv-to, in addition the second IBA channel became reality, in the form of Channel 4.

Thus resulted thus the following changes (starting from 1 January 1982):

• Southern Television - > TVS
• Westward Television - > TSW (TSW bought up however the bankruptcies transmitter Westward and used its Studios and received the majority of the personnel)

In the 1980-he 1980 the things for ITV still quite successfully ran, but by the transmission Death on the skirt, a documentation radiated of Thames Television end of the 80's-years over the corrupt government of Margaret Thatcher, the fall of ITV were introduced. Thatcher set all levers in motion, in order to loose-will Thames Television, whereby it came to the "“Broadcasting Act'90"”.

Articles in category "Independent Television"

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