In the economy one understands characteristic numbers, which permit statements about the development relating to market conditions or the economic situation generally by an indicator above all Indicators are inserted also during the evaluation by shares. Also economic characteristic numbers indicators mentioned serve the visualization of economic developments. They are needed in particular both in the management economics and the political economy, where high-complex causal connections exist.

One differentiates between indicators:

• after the described size in quantity and price and/or cost indicators,
• after the temporal pre and/or wake to described circumstances in early, present and late indicators,
• after the area of application in operating and national economy

Quantity indicator and price and/or cost indicator

Quantity indicators indicate the development by the quantity of something. Examples are:

• Number of unemployed
• Industrial production
• Incoming orders

Price indicators indicate the development by the development of prices. Examples are the development of:

• Inflation rate
• Share quotations

Early indicator, present indicator and late indicator

Early indicators give referring to the future development to the economic situation. Examples are:

• Incoming orders
• Share quotations
• Building permits in the above ground construction
• Investment intentions
• Purchase manager index
• Consumer or business climate indices (e.g. ifo business climate index)

Present indicators show the current economic development. Examples are:

• Utilization of capacity
• Industrial production
• Gross domestic product gros domestic product (in one month)

Late indicators indicate like the economy in the past developed. Examples are:

• Zinsniveau
• Prices
• Inflation rate
• Gross domestic product gros domestic product (a yearly)
• Unemployment ratio
• Insolvencies
• Tax receipts of the state

The organization is not clearly possible always, as one can see it with the gross domestic product (belonged depending upon contained period to another group).

Economical characteristic numbers

Economical characteristic numbers serve for to the objectification and visualization of company targets and improvement efforts. They brought the abundance together of the numbers existing in enterprises, primarily values from the account system and the Controlling to in each case a value and give thereby a short and knappe answer.

Decision function

Characteristic numbers form the basis for economical decisions. The Entscheider needs information, how decisions, which they meet, affect themselves. The information is to make possible also a recognizing of problems and chances. In addition characteristic numbers are kept clear. With the aggregation of the data it is to be noted however that through it detailed information is lost.

Behavior control function

Particularly in larger enterprises characteristic numbers are used, in order to move coworkers to certain, for the enterprise positive, behaviors. It is to be noted that during a remuneration on basis of a characteristic number of the coworkers particularly in the increase of this number is interested. A wrongly selected characteristic number can lead thereby to misguided policies.

Benchmarking

Characteristic numbers in the operating comparison, in such a way specified have a special meaning benchmarking. The characteristic number "„of the best enterprise "“places the bench mark, which value best "„practice "“, at which it applies to orient itself.

Orientation

Characteristic numbers orient themselves either at the profit or at the enterprise value. The latters developed for the ROI from the Shareholder VALUE beginning and the frequent criticism at profit-oriented characteristic numbers as for example. A crucial advantage of enterprise-worth-oriented characteristic numbers is their consideration of the capital costs. Among the most well-known the Economic VALUE Added ranks.

Literature

• Michael Griga, Arthur Kosiol, Raymund Krauleidis: Controlling for Dummies, Wiley VCH: Weinheim, 2005, ISBN 3-527-70153-2

Economical characteristic numbers

Economical characteristic numbers judge the achievements of national economies.

Shares

Indicators for the evaluation of shares are for example that

• Profit on exchange relationship, that
• Course cash-flow relationship or those
• Dividend yield.

Further important indicators form the so-called Timingindikatoren in the technical analysis, which can be auschlaggebend for purchase and sales decisions of a security (share). As example of a Timingindikator the Momentum can be e.g. consulted. These are formed for wrong decisions for the plant only due to historical course processes and give no warranty for the future and to be able thus to cause. However trend changes in the trend of prices can become faster recognizable and thus by general accesibility the psyche of the investors affect and thus a relative future development predict can by the Timingindikatoren.

Varia

Not economiceconomics more justifiedly, but nevertheless very well-known "“indicator"” with humoristic note is the brief case indicator.

Publication of indicators

The individual indicators are regularly published. Overviews of the lining up publications take place regularly in publication calendars.

See also

• Economic situation
• Unemployment ratio
• Balanced_Scorecard
• Statement analysis
• Characteristic numbers system

Related links

• Federal Statistical Office
• Publication calendar of the Federal Statistical Office
• ifo Institut
• Indicators at the Federal Bank
• Trade paper indicators
• Euro act euro-indicators
• Euro act structure indicators
• Extensive link list to restaurant economics

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