Iwan Wladimirowitsch Mitschurin (* 15. /27. October 1855 in Dolgoje, today Mitschurowka, Oblast Rjasan; "† 7. June 1935 in Koslow, today Mitschurinsk; Russian , wiss. Transliteration Ivan Vladimirovic Micurin) was Russian Botaniker and plant breeder.

It succeeded to it to breed frost-resistant fruit places for the continental climate of Russia to make those only possible the fruit-growing for far areas of Russia, with its deep winter temperatures, at all should. Its first attempts remained with the tsarist department for agriculture without support. But which with the tsarist regime had not succeeded to Mitschurin, led however already in the first days after the October Revolution at the responsible Soviet organs to success. He got necessary means and support and could create in such a way for of Russia climate over 300 new sorts.

Because of these successes even its hometown, was designated Mitschurinsk, after it. Mitschurin was inspired of new political power and needed it as for its scientific work. In old Russia it was after own words: still another insignificant loner of the experimental horticulture. But only the large Lenin had understood his work and it the way into the socialist life smoothed and also comrade Stalin him further supported.

Mitschurin was the opinion that fruit seedlings are affected by education and suitable grafting partners (Mentor) and not by the Mendel laws (Mentormethode); Mitschurin considered in such a way obtained changes erroneous hereditary. Its opinions became obligatory the basis of the official party teachings and for the country. On the basis of Mitschurins ideas developed generally speaking for Soviet realm and later, after the Second World War, also in most Eastern Bloc countries schools and scientific mechanisms, those not the leaving teachings of the Augustinermnchs Gregor Mendel, but the methods of the Soviet human being Mitschurin develop further and to teach should. The Botanik became the party thing and ideology. The consequence was that fruit and vegetable became into the early 1960er years in the Eastern Bloc the goods in short supply.

During the spreading of the new Mitschurin science, those on Darwin, Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and Marx developed and the world the superiority of the Soviet sciences to prove should made myself later a pupil and a coworker Mitschurins, Trofim Denissowitsch Lyssenko, a name. As a director/conductor of the academy for agrarian sciences Lyssenko was 16 years long, from 1948-1964, the dictator of Soviet biology. See in addition: Lyssenkoismus.

The most important request of Mitschurin were however the school gardens and the inclusion of the natural sciences, Botanik and the garden work in the education and school, it particularly saw in the teacher the gardner and in the pupil the young tree, which was to educate and be formed, so that it can carry once the best fruits.

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