Innovation is called literally "„innovation "“or "„renewal "“. The word is from latin the terms novus "„again "“and innovatio "„somewhat again work "“derived. In German the term in the sense is used by new ideas and inventions as well as for of them (economic) conversion.

From archaeological view there is time the innovation, in which thrust-like innovations arose, so that the opinion will represent that innovation needs also a certain climate. To differentiate is between Invention and innovation. Inventionen cover new ideas to including building of prototypes and/or concrete concept development in the vormarktlichen phase. Innovations result from the conversion and/or utilization.

Again a genuine world novelty can mean or from view of an individual enterprise, coworker etc. a subjective novelty in this sense. One differentiates between among other things technical, organizational, institutional and social innovations.

Differences become innovations also after their degree at "“novelty"”. One regards the combination of purpose of the article or product and the means with those this purpose is reached. Achieves an innovation in both dimensions high values speaks in such a way one also of a radical innovation.

The term innovation in the sense of "„again "“is up-to-date almost exclusively positively occupied and come frequently to the key word. In the Ursinn it is actually a generic term for also quite negatively occupied terms like e.g. "„rationalization "“or "„globalization "“.

Economiceconomics use

After the political economist Joseph Schumpeter is innovation the penetration of a technical or organizational innovation, not alone their invention. Since the translation of Schumpeters volume "„theory of the economic development "“1963 from the English finds the term also in Germany broad use.

Innovator is for Schumpeter a creative entrepreneur (contrary to the arbitrage entrepreneur, who uses only existing differences in prices for realization of profits), who propels the process of the creative destruction on the search for new action fields. Its mainspring are on the innovation which am based short term monopolistic positions, which provide pioneer pensions for the innovative entrepreneur. Those are monetary values of advantages (also innovation prices), which by the innovative improvements develop, for example by higher productivity.

Typically the innovation management is divided into three phases:

1. Impulse phase: Observation of trends, identification of zukunfstweisender technologies
2. Evaluation phase: Fitness for the respective industry
3. Transfer of technology: Project goes into series

Innovation research

The innovation research concerns itself on the one hand with the question, which the goal of an innovation should be, i.e. the genesis of new field combinations of application of problem solutions. That can be a product innovation, in addition, a new organization form, technology, a procedure or a new application field. On the other hand the innovation research interests, how these goals can be realized; it concerns itself thus with innovation processes and with it with the question of the transition of the subject/object concerned of the condition t0 to the condition T1. In the center of the view of process process forms are located, bspw. consciously steered, organizing or informally and/or EN passant processes running off, as well as the possibilities and borders of a purposeful organization and/or influence.

Recently the interest of research applies increasingly "“history dependency"”, thus for the path dependence on innovation processes and their results. In the center the acceptance is located the fact that the development past of an organization, a product, a technology etc. future development possibilities and - affects and limits proceedings (history matters). With consideration of its respective history thereby any wished innovation goal would not be attainable.

If the past realizations confirm themselves, that has consequences for innovation practice in enterprises: These do not have to afterwards-run no more like Lemminge fashionable key words and short-lived trend concepts, if they want to innovieren. Rather they direct the view more strongly toward the own Potenziale and their historical forming, in order to compile in the long run competition advantages on the basis of genuine however position characteristics. Thus one differentiates between also product, procedure and management innovation. Whereby the latter most promising seems to be, since managers determine as Letztentscheider over the distribution of resources. Product and procedure innovations are in this sense results of management innovations.

According to IW-trends of the institute of the German economy based on data from 2004 in the comparison of 15 industrial nations Germany place 11 with an innovation value of 41,7 reaches Cologne (2005) (with a range of values from zero to 100). Further places: 1. The USA (value 77.9), 2. Great Britain (value 64.0) and 3. Sweden (value 63.9).

The connection between innovation, market trend and patent law

The trend on the markets sets the yardstick for successful products.

• Trends on the markets are essentially determined by the desires and conceptions of the customers. The expectation, which a customer connects with the purchase of a product or a service, is not alike remaining, but is subject to the change of its value conceptions.
• There is a reciprocal effect between the product offerers and the customers. The product offerer tries to improve functionality and quality regarding the customer use. The customer exerts influence on the price performance ratio of the offerers by his purchase behavior. The offerer with the best price performance ratio can become market leaders.
• The competition between the offerers brings various advantages for the customer and is Stimulanz to constant product improvement and renewal. Competitors with standard products can reach only by price reduction paragraph advantages. They cannot in the long term survive and have to do by innovation and new products better chances at the market search.
• Innovations and new technologies alone find still no market. It is crucial whether customers have advantages or additional use with their employment in new products. Therefore the knowledge of the development of the customer behavior is by market study a crucial component for the market success. The production of trend-giving pilot customers supports this process.
• If offered products or services are protected by patents or registered trade marks on the national and international markets, then imitation is possible, yet quality and mark-conscious customers will prefer the original. The offerer arising with cannons original products has usually a time projection/lead before the competitors, since it pulls into the Erstphase novelty-oriented customers on itself. It intends the price for its product.
• An enterprise, which secured its improved or also new product at the market by patent rights (patents), possesses the advantage of a in-complainable protection for its product opposite the competitors without such patent rights. Others may manufacture such a product only by acquisition of a license. For the duration of the patent right the licenser has not only the advantage at the creation of value of the own product, but partipiziert additionally at royalties, which he receives from his competitors.

See also

• Innovation culture, innovation economics, innovation obstacle
• Innovation management
• Innovation psychology
• Innovation-economical success factors
• Creativity, creativity technology, creative environment
• Product innovation
• Social Construction OF Technology
• Technique sociology
• Future technology
• Management innovation
• Basis innovation
• Collective Invention
• Business idea

Related links

• Source for paragraph 4: H.J.Wendt - homepage
• Example: Innovation in the energy sector
• Technology advisory board Hessen "“which is actually - Article collection (DGB)
• Current messages to innovations in different technology fields (country Lower Saxony)
• PROMOTION OF INNOVATION: INFORMATION and ASSISTANCE for INVENTOR (free inventors, employed inventor, entrepreneur inventor) (German inventor federation registered association (DEV) - non-profit association)

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