A job title designates an occupation. Each occupation contains also activity over terms, e.g. Specialist, technician, craftsman. In personnel union also several functions can be exercised, e.g. "“Department managers Forschung, Betriebsratsmitglied and Beauftragter for work protection"”.

Guidance of job titles

A job title can lead, who an occupation A) exercises (also given time off, work-unable, suspended) or b learned) and durably no more does not exercise.

Persons in the training or in the retirement may lead a job title only if this is provided with according to an additive. With respect to Germany between the guidance by job titles and the guidance by titles one differentiates. Relevantly the penalty clause is e.g. "§ 132a penal code.

Protected job titles

• Explicitly in "§ 132 A the StGB (abuse of titles, job titles and badges specified (illegitimate guidance thus punishable):
  • Physician
  • Dentist
  • Psychological Psychotherapeut, child and Jugendlichenpsychotherapeut
  • Veterinary surgeon
  • Pharmacist
  • Attorney, patent lawyer
  • Chartered accoutant, sworn in accountant, tax counsel, tax representative
  • publicly ordered experts
  • the attribute "“Dipl. "” and/or "“diploma"” before or in connection with a job title, since it implies an academic degree.
  • in and foreign office designations and ranks, e.g. Government advice, Kriminalkommissar, and Assessor as well as in and foreign church office designations (e.g. Church advice).

• According to other legal regulations protected job titles (without requirement on completeness):
  • Notary
  • Engineer
  • Architect
  • Master in connection with a handicraft
  • Welfare practical man
  • Food chemist and the designation food chemist used before introduction of this designation
  • Psychologist
  • Nurse, - male nurses, health and Krankenpfleger/-in, nursing for the sick aids, rescue assistant, old person male nurse, educator, midwife/relieving male nurse, Physiotherapeut
  • Environmental consultant, chartered accoutant, financial landlord
  • the attribute "“staatl. gepr. "”, "“staatl. anerk. "” "“examiniert"”, in connection with a job title

Examples not protected job titles

Many job titles, with which one could close the appearance after on training locked after normal examination or an final scientific study, are not protected.

They can be led thus by each person due to missing legal regulation legally and are no proof of special specialized technical or special legal however also unprotected job titles in the working life (e.g. with applications, conclusions of contracts) used, without one has the appropriate qualification, possibly offend this as misleading advertisement against the kind 3 of the law against the mean competition (UWG).

Particularly the guidance of the unprotected designations of qualifications in medical auxiliary occupations (e.g. Rescue aid) can have legal consequences because of the so-called guarantor position of these qualifications.

Examples of such designations, which can be measure-interpreted as national conclusions or office designations, are

• Training representative, scientist, teacher, lecturer, paedagogue, lawyer, Ethnologe, biologist, physicist, medium scientist, journalist, editor, researcher
• Detective, private detective, investigator,
• Expert (S.A. above), consultant, management consultant, insurance agent, fortune advisor, operation manager, accountant (if without additive like e.g. nationally examined accountant or balance accountant), average adjuster
• Pilot, flight captain, captain, sailor
• Engine driver ( is however protected as office designation)

See also:

• List by occupations
• Occupation science
• Occupation sociology
• Dishonest occupations
• Vocational training law
• Address

Related links

• Historical job titles http://www.genealogie-nordwuerttemberg.de/Berufe/index.htm

Articles in category "Job title"

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