Karl Landsteiner (* 14. June 1868 in bathe with Vienna; "† 26 June 1943 in New York) was a Austrian bacteriologist. 1901 he discovered the AB0-System of the groups of bloods, for which he received 1930 the Nobelpreis for medicine. In the year 1937 he discovered the Rhesusfaktor with Alexander Solomon Viennese.

Landsteiners father Leopold, a well-known journalist, died as a Karl was 6 years old. Landsteiner studied Vienna medicine, it at the university attained a doctorate 1891 to the doctor of the medicine. During its study it published a work over the influence of parliamentary allowance on the composition of the blood. It it was also already clear that blood is "„a special juice "“.

After its study Landsteiner spent 5 years abroad in laboratories in Zurich, peppering castle and Munich. 1896 it returned to Vienna and became an assistant at hygenic Institut. There it made studies over the mechanism of the immunity and the nature of anti-bodies. Between 1898 and 1908 Landsteiner was an assistant at the pathological anatomy of the University of Vienna, afterwards until 1919 executive committee of the Wilhelminenspitals in Vienna. During this time it published many medical work, among other things over the transmission of the child paralysis.

Landsteiner discovered 1901 the groups of bloods. It pointed out that during the transmission of blood from humans to another this blood often clumped itself and decomposed in the blood vessels. 1909 succeeded it to it then, the human blood into the 4 admitted main groups A, B, to differentiate OFF and 0. It recognized also that the blood transfusion did not lead between persons of the same group to the destruction of the blood cells, probably however between persons of different groups of bloods.

Today one knows that humans with the group of bloods stood (universal receivers), the group of bloods of 0 knows all other groups of bloods from all groups will off receive (universal donors). This realization is particularly important with blood transfusions and operations very. For the discovery of the groups of bloods Landsteiner 1930 received the Nobelpreis for medicine.

1916 married Landsteiner Leopoldine Helene. Short time on it he became father of a boy.

To the end of the First World War Landsteiner moved later 1919 into the Netherlands and to New York, to the Rockefeller of institutes. There he worked far on the study of the groups of bloods. Together with the American Alexander Solomon Viennese, he discovered the Rhesusfaktor, a blood characteristic in the blood of Rhesusaffen in the blood. Beside the work on the groups of bloods Landsteiner investigated also the antigens and anti-bodies in the blood.

In its last years it studied Onkologie (i.e. he was concerned with The reason for it was that its wife at a tumefaction at the thyroid suffered. Success the study brought however to non Leopoldine died few months after its husband.

Landsteiner was an excellent pianist. It had a large in its salon. In addition it read gladly, above all detective stories.

Karl Landsteiner was humans of full energy and researcher urge. Typically for it is also its end: With 75 years, on 24 June 1943, he succumbed to a heart accumulation during the work in his laboratory in the Rockefeller of institutes.

Up to the euro-conversion its fig. the Austrian 1000-Schilling-Schein zierte

At the birthday Karl Landsteiners is committed since 2004 "„the world donation of blood day "“.

Since 2005 the "“Karl Landsteiner society"” exists as association for the execution of scientific research in the range of the medicine and related scientific disciplines in Lower Austria.

Related links

• Short Biografie in the Austria encyclopedia AEIOU

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