Knowledge management [] (English knowledge management) a direction of the management teachings, which aim at to begin and develop in organizations knowledge, designates in order the company targets in the best possible way to reach. Contributions to the knowledge management are developed in many disciplines, in particular in the economical informatics, the management economics, computer science, the sociology or the information science.

Individual versus structural knowledge

Definitions

Knowledge management concerns itself with the possibilities of taking on the knowledge base of an enterprise influence. By the knowledge base of an enterprise all data and information, all knowledge and all abilities, are understood which this organization needs for the solution of its various tasks. Individual knowledge and abilities (human capital) are embodied systematically in the organization. Knowledge management can be understood therefore as an intervention mechanism, that on the theories of the organization teachings and organisationalen learning (short: OL) is based and these systematically uses.

The knowledge within an enterprise is understood as factor of production which steps beside capital, work and soil. The strategic basis for the knowledge management offers above all Knowledge based the View OF the Firm. This represents an extension of the view to see information (e.g. in the context of the Marktgestaltung and - influence) as operational resources and/or as factor of production.

Information systems make a contribution in addition by interlacing the coworkers and make available and retain information.

As consequence in the last years the executive committee of many enterprises was extended by the position of the Chief information Officers (CIO) with the main point of work information management. The data processing of an enterprise must be co-ordinated up its total strategy and/or in reverse. However the objective of knowledge management goes clearly beyond the pure supply of the coworkers with information:

• Coworkers are to develop learning qualifications and abilities and to be able worth-drawing to begin.
• With the classification of knowledge there are in principle two development poles: on the one hand so-called codifyable knowledge (explicit knowledge), which be described can and therefore is suitable, in documents to be reproached and on the other hand so-called implicit knowledge, which in more explicitly = codifyable form as information cannot be communicated.

The two fundamental strategies of the knowledge management, those correspond to these two extreme developments in English to be designated with "“People ton document"” (coding) and/or "“People ton People"” (implicit or quiet knowledge, English tacit knowledge). To the passing on of implicit knowledge thus different beginnings and methods are necessary than in the range"” (bring) people ton document (s) "“; in the latter range of application above all data base and document-management-technical solution scenarios are available.

The distinction into explicit vs. implicit knowledge - and the fundamental emphasis of the knowledge management strategy which can be derived from it - have v.a. in economical ranges of application (enterprises) a great importance, since v.a. the economical restrictions come here fully to carrying: genuine expert knowledge e.g. tends very strongly to be characterized by the fact that extreme complexity with a rather small validity period combines actual and: the more something expert knowledge is, the more strongly is these two combination factors (complexity and duration) pronounced! It is then however in the economical context neither meaningful nor possible to supply this implicit knowledge of a coding (documentation) particularly since also on the recipient side hardly someone would have the time to read this surely very extensive documentation. I.e. however in the reversal conclusion nothing else as: for a People ton document strategy (data base, document management"…) are rather suitable standard contents: a little complex and with a long validity period!

Knowledge collection

A substantial meaning in the context of the knowledge management comes the knowledge collection and - to processing too, "“see also knowledge balance"”. Here are three components of importance:

• Organizational MEMORY: The organisationale memory is the whole of the components for the knowledge collection (acquisition), knowledge preparation (maintenance) and knowledge use (search and retrieval, see also search).
• Organizational Knowledge: This covers the present-referred knowledge of an organization and finds frequently in Knowledge data bases its precipitation.
• Organizational Learning: This is concerned with the reproduction of the Organisationalen of knowledge, e.g. by Wikis.

Models

Knowledge management after Nonaka and Takeuchi

As joint founders of the knowledge management the Japanese Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi know The Knowledge Creating company with its 1995 published book "„"“(German 1997 as "„the organization of the knowledge "“) to be regarded. Constructing on that you sketch 1966 of Michael Polanyi to presented term of the implicit knowledge a model, with which knowledge in a continuous transformation between implicit and explicit knowledge is produced. By sequential processes "„of the Externalisierung "“(implicitly too explicitly), "„combination "“(explicitly too explicitly), "„Internalisierung "“(explicitly too implicitly) and "„Sozialisation "“(implicitly too implicitly) knowledge is lifted within an organization spiral by individual knowledge on higher organization stages such as person's groups and whole companies. This as SECI model well-known model exerted large influence on the following literature and research about knowledge management.

After knowledge management rehearse

An early, but still wide-spread, by Gilbert rehearses developed model at the University of Geneva and the gene EH Knowledge Group sketches a knowledge cycle from operational ("“internal"” cycle) and strategic ("“outside"” cycle, places the traditional management process) components:

• Knowledge goals (give a direction to the knowledge management)
• Knowledge identification catch up (information about already existing knowledge)
• Knowledge acquisition (external knowledge carriers, knowledge products)
• Knowledge development (individual knowledge development, collective knowledge development)
• Knowledge distribution (by a technical infrastructure)
• Knowledge use (use is the productive employment organisationalen knowledge)
• Knowledge preservation (by selecting, memory, updating) and
• Knowledge evaluation/- measurement

These components represent intervention levels for measures of the knowledge management.

Control versus creativity

Instructions mean something else for humans as for computers. Many authors mean that knowledge cannot at all be administered, since management contains control knowledge in addition, on creative handling context and develops associations, is obstructed that by control (George von Krogh, 2000).

Current topics in the knowledge management

• Knowledge evaluation
• , E.g. by the knowledge balance, Balanced Scorecard or the Skandia navigator measure and managen knowledge.
• Social networks, authority networks
• Divide knowledge (Knowledgesharing)
• Standardisation of the knowledge management (DIN)

Knowledge engineering

Knowledge engineering has to the task to illustrate and present in computer-assisted applications to the user in an intelligent information system the complexity of the world and expert knowledge on a regular structure. This range of the knowledge management covers four central categories in handling human information:

• Collection of the knowledge: Structuring and formulaful representation
• Illustration of knowledge in the computer: Design and architecture of the system
• Was based processing of knowledge: Combination of explicit knowledge, problem solution and generation of results
• Representation of knowledge: Presentation in view to interactive applications by the user, e.g. that produce from opinions ("“Views"”) on contents ("“content"”)

see also: Documentation, specialized information

Strategies

Knowledge management strategies specify the emphasis of the measures in an enterprise, whereby between coding and Personalisierung of the knowledge one differentiates. Effective enterprises are characterised by the focusing on one of the two strategies, and consult that in each case different part only for the support.

• Coding
• Personalisierung

Articles in category "Knowledge management"

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