Kardiologie

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History of the Kardiologie

Humans already felt the heart since long time as particularly vulnerable organ, whereupon stone-temporal Wandmalereien refer to in Spain. Welfare-well-informed Chinese, Greek and Romans dedicated as a sign of mechanical heart activity special attention to the heart and the pulse. Herophilos of Chalkedon designed around 300 v. Chr. a bag water clock for pulse measurement. Before approximately 2000 years the Roman man of letters Seneca the younger one described its angina Pectoris in such a way: "“The accumulation is very short and a storm similar. When other suffering one has to fight with the illness, here however with dying."” The history of the modern Kardiologie began earliest in the year 1628, when the English physician Harvey published his discovery of the Blutkreislaufes.

Investigation procedure

Without appropriate research methods however our current knowledge would be not conceivable over the function of the heart:

• Blutdruckmessung: 1733 could for the first time measure the English minister and scientist Hales with the help of bloody equipments with a horse the blood pressure. 1896 described the Italian physician Riva Rocci a simple method "„of the unblutigen "“Blutdruckmessung, which is used in the 1905 form until today, modified by the Russian army surgeon Korotkow, and after Riva Rocci (RR) is designated.
• Auskultation: 1816 invented the Frenchman the Stethoskop, first as quite simple wooden cylinder. Already end 19. Century were common Stethoskope with flexible hoses for both ears.
• ELECTROCARDIOGRAM: the dutchman Einthoven the Elektrokardiografen develops 1903. Hands and feet of the patients at that time dipped for the derivative of the heart stream into salt solution, only in the 40's took place the registration by metal disks at the hand and foot joints, which were connected by wires with the recorder.
• Heart catheter investigation: 1929 pushed itself the surgical Assistenzarzt at that time and later Urologe Forssmann in Eberswalde a rubber hose by its Armvene in right forecourt. 1941 publish Cournand its experiences with the Herzkathetererisierung as diagnostic method. 1956 received Forssmann and Cournand among other things for these earnings/services as well as Richards to the Nobelpreis.
• Echokardiographie: 1950 was accomplished first investigations by wolf Dieter Keidel as well as 1954 by Inge noble and Carl H. Hertz. The doppler-supported Echokardiographie was used for the first time 1959 by the Japanese S.Satomura, came however only in the early 80's with the availability of high performance computers by K.Namekawa, William J. Bommer as well as Larry Miller to working maturity.

Working methods

During the view of therapeutic procedures it becomes clear that the majority of the today substantial principles is no 50 years old still:

• Medicamentous therapy: In the year 1785 Withering described the use of the Digitalis for the treatment "„of the water craze "“. 1959 brought the German Behring works to Streptokinase on the market, which can dissolve the Blutgerinnsel in the heart wreath/ring container with the acute cardiac infarct. Likewise in Germany 1963 presented the enterprise Knoll with Verapamil to the first calcium antagonist. 1964 the Scot Black, which received 1980 the Nobelpreis, developed the first beta blocker. 1981 introduced the Pharmafirma Squibb Captopril as the first ACE Hemmer into the therapy, 1987 developed the Greek Roy vague lot the first Statin living in America.
• Heart surgeries: The first heart surgery was made 1938 by the American surgeon Robert E. large, the first operation at the open heart 1952 by F. John Lewis. At the standing heart could be operated only after introduction of the heart lung machine by John Gibbon in the year 1953, the first operation with this equipment in Germany made 1957 the citizen of Berlin surgeon The first artificial Herzklappe was implantiert 1961 by the two Americans Albert Starr and Lowell Edward, the first Koronararterien bypass was put on 1967 by G. Favaloro. Likewise 1967 took place the first Herztransplantation via barn pool of broadcasting corporations. The first bypass operation in minimal invasiver technology was accomplished 1994 in the USA, 1995 for the first time also in Germany by Joachim Laas in the heart cycle hospital in bath Bevensen.
• Catheter techniques: The born in Dresden accomplished 1977 in Zurich the first balloon Dilatation and justified thereby the interventional Kardiologie. It died 1985 with an aircraft crash. The first Stent was developed by Sigwart in Lausanne and used for the first time 1986.
• Heart rhythm treatment: 1906 publish the Japanese Tawara during its activity with the Marburger pathologist Aschoff the fundamentals of the excitation line system of the heart. 1958 were implantiert at the Karolinska hospital in Stockholm first cardiac pacemakers built by Senning and Siemens development boss rune Elmqvist. 1980 were used for the first time at the John Hopkins university an internal Defibrillator, in order to terminate life-threatening tachycardias and ventricular fibrillations.
• Cardiac infarct treatment: After a Infarkt 20 still became in the first half. Century for six to eight weeks any physical effort forbidden and strict bed peace orders. Only in the 60's that found 1952 from Lown and Levine publicised armchair treatment also in Germany resemblance. Patients could already sit one week after the Infarkt daily up to two hours in the armchair, in order to energize the cycle and muscle dismantling as well as Thrombosen prevent. Today patients already rise after an uncomplicated Infarkt on the first or second day and after seven to ten days from the hospital will dismiss, in the USA after less than five days.