The term logistics (stock management) covers all intermediate steps of the manufacturing. It covers all activities for the physical space and time bypass of goods and persons, including their regrouping.

Logistics is defined more concretely than integrated planning, organization, controlling, completion and control of the entire material and goods river beginning with the associated information flows, with the supplier, by (own) the operational creation of value stages (e.g. production and/or distribution stages), up to the distribution of the products with the customer, including the refuse disposal and the recycling.

A possible definition of the term logistics is those the application of six R: The correct quantity of the correct goods at the right time in the correct quality to the correct costs of the correct place. Frequently also still another seventh R is taken up to this enumerating with: with the correct information for all involved ones. In particular in the need-oriented ("“just in time"”) manufacturing, how it is usual today, the treatment of information plays a large role.

Term origin

There are different term origins for the word logistics. From the Greek antique one different words are attributed to logistics. "“Lego"” translated with think. "“Logizmati"” meant superior, count or consider. "“Logos"” is the noun for understanding, reason or Rechnung.In of the Roman antique ones the civil servant for financial and food goods administration as "“logistika"” was designated. In the Middle Ages however the same term stood for baroque France for the practical Rechenkunst.Im stood the term "“more loger"” for lives, logieren and/or accommodates. To the German-speaking countries the term logistics was only introduced into the late 1960 it years rule-fairly.

Today the term "“Supply chain"” is often used.

History

The Byzantine emperors Leontos VI (886 - 911 n. Chr.) wrote ca.900 n. Chr. first, today admitted definition (military) of logistics in the context of its work "“summary argument of the war art"”, which admits under the designation of the "“Leonini military institutes"” became.

In detail it writes about: "“Thing of logistics is it to pay the army to arm and arrange appropiately, it with cannons and munition to equip, in time and sufficiently for its needs to provide and each act of the campaign accordingly to prepare, i.e. space and time to compute, the area regarding the army movements as well as the opponent strength to estimate correct and in accordance with these functions the movement and distribution of the own armed forces regulate and arrange, with a word to dispose. "“

From French military affairs (1638) the title "“major is well-known the logis"”.

Henri Jormini (1779-1869) described accomodation of making and the organizational supply in its work "“outline of the war art"” logistics as form. 1862 were translated the paper into the English language.

Logistics already played with the American liberty war a role. Both at the navy and at the army one understood by it navigates and supplies the fleet and/or troop. The USA has starting from that 2. World war the term transferred to the army and the Air Force. In addition mathematical methods were used for planning and optimization (see operation Research).

In the 70's primarily optimizations of strongly defined functions were made. Automate-flow of material-technical solutions developed like Hochregallager.Die 80's were coined/shaped from an optimization of function-spreading operational sequence. Logistics avencierte to a cross section function within the enterprises (similar as the personal or financing). In the 90's whole process and creation of value chains were developed and optimized. It found both a functional (order-oriented) and a enterprise-spreading integration. Since the turn of the century the focus lies on the structure and the optimization of global networks, for the world-wide integration of the creation of value chains.

Originally as main function of stock management understood, logistics becomes today v. A. as river-oriented operational cross section function over the ranges procurement, operational achievement production (production ith w. S.) and paragraph seen.

If one regarded in former times logistics particularly as rationalization instrument and service function for cost minimizing, then one recognized logistics in the Zeitverlauf increasingly as competition instrument and organization function for maximization of profit.

Subranges

One horizontal often subdivided logistics in the closer sense into the four phasespecific subsystems:

1. Procurement logistics (of the supplier in the entrance camp)
2. Production logistics (material & goods economy, administration of semi-manufactures in partially also manufacturing economy)
3. Distribution logistics (paragraph logistics) (from the selling camp to the customer)
4. Disposal logistics (written undertaking logistics) (cancelling of wastes, empties, recycling in addition, returns)
5. Metalogistik the subrange of the logistics, which with the optimization of co-operation and/or co-operation of the enterprises argues and crucial decision making aids compiled.

In the context of distribution logistics also of marketing logistics one speaks. Personnel logistics is however task of core of the personnel department (personnel operational planning).

By modern conceptions such as Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), Supply chain management (SCM), Category management (cm) and technologies as for example electronics DATA interCHANGE (EDI) can be arranged more efficient logistics. Examples are JIT supply and Kanban.

According to kind of the activity also between storage logistics (stock control), packing logistics and transportation logistics one differentiates. Frequently also the term Intralogistik emerges in this connection, which summarizes i.d.R. the complete logistic procedures at a location spreading and depending upon enterprise a combination of production logistics, storage logistics and packing logistics represents.

Tasks

In the origins logistics covers the classical TUL processes transport, envelope, storage.

One of the most important tasks of logistics is transport. Logistics is responsible for transport from the manufacturer to the enterprise, in-plant transport, as well as transport to the customer. It depends strongly thereby on a developed and efficient traffic infrastructure.

Further functional areas are:

• Goods examination and handling
• Storage and commissioning
• Packing
• Controlling and planning of the
• Co-ordination of process execution

Special tasks of logistics are e.g. the safety device of the goods during the storage and during transport, this not only at valuable goods such as money transportation, but also completely particularly with the danger property.

The goals of logistics are the contribution of a high-quality achievement, quality and a reduction of costs. Here conflicting aims develop. For example a high stock will decrease the shortfall costs as well as will increase the stock availability, however thereby stock program costs rise. The logistics cost calculation serves here as instrument for the optimum determination.

Experience

The portion of logistics of the total costs is not insignificant. Most costs are taken here by transport and camp. Logistics costs are however industry dependent. High logistics costs are for example in the consumer goods industry. Likewise the logistics costs depend on the economical degree of development. Thus the portion of the logistics costs of the gross domestic product amounts to e.g. with developing countries 20% (industrialized countries less than 5%). Frequently it is missing during the arrangement of logistics still at the arrangement of incentives (personnel management).

Logistic chain

The logistic channel (the way from the manufacturer to the final customer) is interconnected by interfaces, the borders to represent and the logistic river obstruct. The goal of the logistic chain is it to transform these interfaces into seams in which they are constantly co-ordinated and process cycles are system-spreading steered. Between logistic interfaces first to third order is differentiated (department of, resembles same enterprise, enterprise-spreading).

The logistic chain brings the among other things following advantages:

• Duplicating logistic activities is avoided by summarizing the main case chains.
• Transportation units are co-ordinated, whereby the envelope and packing expenditure are decreased.
• Logistic river orientation is carried out.

See also

• Glossary of logistics
• Business process management
• Supply chain management
• Stock management
• Operation Research
• Information logistics
• Traffic
• Traffic sciences
• Goods traffic
• Logistikcontrolling
• Security in logistics

Articles in category "Logistics"

We found here 144 articles.

Related Websites

We found here 6 related websites.

• About Logistics & Supply Chain
  Provides an extensive taxonomy of links, supply chain articles and other resources for logistics and...


• Council of Logistics Management
  A nonprofit professional business organization to enhance the development of the logistics profession...


• Logistics Management
  This year is no different, according to the results of Logistics ... In April 2006, Logistics Management presented a special webcast designed to bring ...


• LogisticsWorld - The Worldwide Directory of Transportation and ...
  Directory of freight, transportation and logistics resources on the Internet.


• LogisticsWorld - The Worldwide Directory of Transportation and ...
  LogisticsWorld is a worldwide directory of freight transportation and logistics resources on the internet. LogisticsWorld is the home of the WWW Virtual ...


• The WWW Virtual Library: Logistics
  WWW Virtual Library of Logistics Ver 4, Sep, 1999, Matthew D. Cox, logistics@logisticsworld.com · Sponsored by LogisticsWorld. Copyright