The term market (v. lat.: mercatus trade, too merx commodity) designates strictly speaking the place, at which goods are regularly acted or exchanged (commercial centre). In the broader sense the term designates today the regulated brought together from supply and demand of goods, achievements and rights. The traditional indication of own market sovereignty of a city was in former times Roland.

Market right and market place

Major item market right

A market, in East German cities as ring (Polish Rynek) designation, is an urban place (e.g. Gendarme market in Berlin), on which regularly sales meetings (markets) are held or became. This market place in such a way specified is usually the central place in a city, at which also the city hall was established. In larger cities several market places often existed, on which in former times specific goods were offered. In order not to have to hold markets in the open air, in many cities market halls were established. The right a market to hold (market right) was crucial in the Middle Ages for the urban development, and was considered as the first stage to the municipal law. Roland as traditional symbol of the market sovereignty is today still as fixed image in some German cities, e.g. in Brandenburg to the Havel, Bremen, half, to Stendal, whisks and Zerbst.

"“Market"” is also in some Lands of the Federal Republic like for example Bavaria the official name for a municipality, which takes a status between village and city. This status was in former times connected with the award of the market right. In other Lands of the Federal Republic there is for it different Bezeichnungen.In Bavaria and Austria is the term market to a today partial official component of the place name.

See also: Less city, marks (place)

Kinds of markets

From the localreferred market term in the Zeitverlauf a market term related to the sales form was derived. Today one differentiates between a whole number of different markets.

Market as open sales meeting

Market is likewise the designation of sales sale actually, to which in regular or irregular intervals at a certain place dealers meet, in order goods of the daily need at conditions to sell (shopkeeper or stuff markets so mentioned), often in form of a week or a fair. Over the daily need if going out goods are offered, one speaks of flea market.

Apart from such general market meetings in the course of history a whole number of special meetings developed in type of market. For this count for example fruit and fish markets (like for example the Viktualienmarkt or that Hamburg fish market), farmer markets, in addition, and fairs.

Supermarket

A supermarket is a place (often one supermarket-resounds), at the food and flowers at retailers (e.g. Retail businesses, catering trade) to be sold (wholesale).

Supermarket

A supermarket is a shop, which - like a historical weekly market - offers different goods of the daily need. The modern market hall takes an intermediate position between market and supermarket with its usually firm conditions.

Stock exchange

Stock exchanges are special markets (for shares, Kuxe, obligations, insurance, special goods (oil, real estates etc.). After the kind of the trade they can be e.g. divided into regulated market, official market, new market.

Market term in the economy

Major item market (economics), marketing

The term market completely generally designates (material or virtual) the place of meeting supply and demand of and for a property in the economy. If supply and demand for a property agree, then one speaks of the market equilibrium. It is characterized by the Gleichgewichtspreis (vulgo also market price) and the weighty quantity determined by it. Under certain conditions a kompetitive economics, i.e. an economics, in which all goods on markets are freely exchanged, achieves an pareto efficient resource allocation (first main clause of the This statement forms the theoretical foundation for the economic system of the free-market economy prevailing in many countries. If the acceptance of the first main clause of the are hurt, then the is generally inefficient over markets (so-called market failure).

Andreas's sharp and Bernd Schubtert define the market as follows: A market consists of all actual and potential customers with a specific need, which tries to satisfy the enterprise with their product.

The political economy differentiates between two kinds of market, the factor markets and the goods markets:

A market fulfills the following functions:

• the supplying function,
• the co-ordination function,
• the price formation function and
• the distribution function

From business view one calls an area of distribution market. The term new markets open designation today a basic requirement for each growth oriented enterprise. The relevant total market can be divided thereby into market segments. From the great importance of the area of distribution for an enterprise in the management economics the field of activity developed marketing.

Market term in the sociology

Major item market sociology

In the sociology the market becomes as general sample of social acting since Ferdinand sound-sneezes (for "“society"” in relation to "“community"”) and max of webers used, it enclosure in its widens seizing development each exchange of social sanctions (thus also negative sanctions up to the war).

Related links

• Community of the German supermarkets (GFI)
• World union of the supermarkets (English)

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