By master obligation one understands a legal regulation in Germany, Austria (until 1999) and Luxembourg, which permits to masters and on an equal footing it only to lead enterprises relating to crafts. The acquisition of the master's certificate is liable to pay the costs and lasts between some weeks and several months. The origin of the "“master obligation"” decreases/goes back to the medieval guild order.

In the year 2004 in Germany the number of the handicrafts, in which a master obligation exists, was reduced clearly. In Austria there is not the master obligation since that 1. 1. 2000 no more.

List of the registration-obligated and/or - free handicrafts in Germany since January 2004

Registration-obligated, i.e. master obligation exists:

1. Augenoptiker
2. Boat and shipbuilder
3. Brunnenbauer
4. Baker
5. Surgery mechanic
6. Roofer
7. Electrical machine builder
8. Electrical engineer
9. Fine work mechanic
10. Butcher
11. Stand farmer
12. and glass apparatus farmer
13. Glazier
14. Information technician
15. Installateur and heating engineer
16. Body and vehicle farmer
17. Plumber
18. Konditoren
19. Motor vehicle technician
20. Refrigerant plant farmer
21. Agricultural machinery mechanic
22. Painter and Lackierer
23. Bricklayer and concrete worker
24. Metal farmer
25. Furnace and air heating farmer
26. Chimney sweep
27. Seiler
28. Stone-cutters and stone sculptors
29. Road maker
30. Stukkateure
31. Carpenter
32. Vulkaniseure and tire mechanic
33. Warming, cooling and Schallschutzisolierer
34. Tooth technician
35. Carpenter
36. Two-wheeler mechanic

Permission-free handicrafts, i.e. no master obligation exists:

1. Container and apparatus farmer
2. Concrete block and Terrazzo manufacturer
3. Bogenmacher
4. Brauer and
5. Buchbinder
6. Printer, Schriftsetzer, printer
7. Lady and gentleman cutter
8. Drechsler (Elfenbeinschnitzer) and Holzspielzeugmacher
9. Edelsteinschleifer and - engravers
10. Screed-casually
11. Feinoptiker
12. Flexografen
13. Tile, plate and mosaic-casually
14. Photographer
15. Galvaniseure
16. Building cleaner
17. Playing the violin farmer
18. Glass and Porzellanmaler
19. More glass-nobly
20. Goldschmiede and silver silberschmiede
21. Engravers
22. Handzuginstrumentenmacher
23. Holzbildhauer
24. Holzblasinstrumentenmacher
25. Keramiker
26. Piano farmer and Cembalobauer
27. Korbmacher
28. Metal and bell caster
29. Metallbildner
30. Metallblasinstrumentenmacher
31. Model construction amateur
32. Modisten
33. Mueller
34. Organ farmer and Harmoniumbauer
35. Parquet layer
36. Raumausstatter
37. Roll shop and shutter farmer
38. Upholsterer and
39. Describing and light advertisement manufacturer
40. Cutting tool mechanic
41. Shoemaker
42. Segelmacher
43. Screener
44. Sticker
45. Textile cleaner
46. Uhrmacher
47. Vergolder
48. Wachszieher
49. Weber
50. Zupfinstrumentenmacher

Controversy in Germany

Regularly in history the sense of the master obligation was discussed. The simplification of numerous production methods, the employment of easily usable prefabricated products, as well as increases with unemployment and moonlighting, released a discussion over the Sinnhaftigkeit of the existing handicraft ordinance.

Opponents of the master obligation argue that the market is limited unnecessarily, bottlenecks arises and the establishment of particularly efficiently working special enterprises is prevented. The proponents refer to the high requirements to occupations relating to crafts - in particular regarding the consumer protection -, which could be guaranteed only by appropriate training.

Still more extensive laws for the protection as with the masters with attorneys, tax counsels, physicians or pharmacists are practiced.

See also

• Professional association more independently craftsman inside and craftsmen

Related links

• http://www.zdh.de/
• http://www.ifhandwerk.de/

Articles in category "Master obligation"

We found here 1 articles.