Metropolregion / Promotion of economy development

» Economics » Promotion of economy development » Topics begins with M » Metropolregion

Page modified: Friday, June 23, 2006 21:12:56

A Metropolregion (in Switzerland also metropolitan region) is a strongly consolidated metropolitain area of high international importance. Metropolregionen are regarded as engines of the social, social and economic development of a region and a country.

European Metropolregionen, which is divided particularly in Germany, possesses besides to Europe referred key roles for evenly this development. They are defined proven and promoted since 1995 on federal level.

Contrary to a dye, which suburbanen from a town center and their, the term of the Metropolregion exists, is further calm closely built-up suburb range (bacon belt) and includes also large rural areas also, which with the upper centers of the region by economic entwinements or commuter stream in close connection.

Functions of a Metropolregion

Functionalities of a Metropolregion can be estimated on the basis three criteria which can be determined relatively simply:

Decision and control function
- In a Metropolregion is a high concentration at political and economic mechanisms. The largest enterprises of a country and/or the world have here their head offices or important branches. That can be for example seats of the government, company headquarters, international organizations or NGOs.
Innovation and competition function
- A Metropolregion is the engine of social, cultural and technological development. This is characterised also by a high number of research and science mechanisms. Also cultural large meetings can be aligned, there the necessary infrastructure, how theatres or stages are present e.g.
Gateway function
- A Metropolregion is a "turntable". Exchange of knowledge and information is possible without large problems, since a very good accessibility is given. Indicators for it are international airports, traffic junctions, point of view of Internet servers, fairs etc.

In 4. Draft (conditions: 20.3.2006) of the new "examples and action strategies for the regional development in Germany" a "symbol function" is certified to the Metropolregionen beyond that, i.e. they bundle "a high measure of historical, political, cultural as well as meaning concerning town construction and an appropriate international reputation".

Plan regions

In Germany

In Germany the conference of ministers underlined the meaning of the Metropolregionen in Germany ("European Metropolregionen") for area planning (MKRO) with its resolution to the area planning-political action framework 1995: "As engines of the social, economic, social and cultural development they are to receive the achievement and competitive power of Germany and Europe ".

The German conference of ministers for area planning (MKRO) defined eleven European Metropolregionen in Germany:

" 1: Metropolregion Berlin/Brandenburg (since 1995)
" 2: Metropolregion Bremen/Oldenburg (since 2005)
" 3: Metropolregion Frankfurt/Rhine Main (since 1995)
" 4: Metropolregion Hamburg (since 1995)
" 5: Metropolregion Hanover Braunschweig Goettingen (since 2005)
" 6: Metropolregion Munich (since 1995)
" 7: Metropolregion Nuremberg (since 2005)
" 8: Metropolregion Rhine Neckar/Mannheim Ludwigshafen (since 2005)
" 9: Metropolregion Rhine Ruhr (with large parts of the Ruhr district and parts of the Rhine country) (since 1995)
10: Metropolregion Saxonia triangle (since 1995)
11: Metropolregion Stuttgart (since 1995)

Beside the strongly internationally aligned Metropolregionen 41 population centres exist around smaller town centers in Germany.

In Switzerland

Particularly strongly grew the metropolitan region Zurich, which covers still eleven further dyes apart from the dye Zurich. Also the metropolitan region Basel strongly extended under installation course of reading valley in was upperBasel-offered as well as in the running valley and besides in the Elsass and after south bathing. The growth of the dye Geneva concentrated almost exclusively on the French neighboring territories in Hochsavoyen.

The metropolitan region Zurich covers the following dyes apart from the dye Zurich: Winterthur, woman field, Wetzikon Rapperswil Jona laughter, course, spring castle, Wohlen (AG), bathe Brugg, work living as well as the single city a settling. This metropolitan region covers thereby 221 municipalities also together 1.675 million inhabitants.

In Europe

The METREX as 1996 on initiative of the regional advice Strathclyde (Strathclyde regionally Council) created co-operation level of the European Union - Metropolregionen defines a Metropolregion as dye of more than 500,000 inhabitants and proceeds for the European Union from 120 Metropolregionen, in which 60% the inhabitant of the member states live and work. (To Germany it was referred the however hot that far parts of the country would be Metropolregionen.) in England with the metropolitan Counties regional administrative bodies were created, which are to be adapted to the grown urbanen structure. Thus at some population centres the conventional allocation of the counties was replaced. Also in France some Metropolregionen agree with the actual regions as a regional administrative body. The status of the Metropolregion in Germany as Metagebilde, which is to energize body-spreading for co-operation, is to be found in Europe more rarely. There are however also examples of landspreading regions.

Examples of Metropolregionen in Europe:

Athens (Greece)
Capital region Brussels (Belgium)
de France - Paris (France)
Istanbul (Turkey)
Lombardei - Milan (Italy)
Greater London (Great Britain)
Greater Manchester (Great Britain)
Moscow (Russia)
- (Denmark and Sweden)
Randstad - the Netherlands
Vienna/east region (Austria)
Zurich/Winterthur (Switzerland)

see also: Metropolkomplex

Space politics

The term Metropolregion is originally an informal description of term for closely interlaced regions with an urban character. This appeared from the increasing meaning of such areas, which function beyond their spatial proximity as economical, social and cultural unit, and their development process increasingly in the common mode run. The perception of these areas has international radiant emittance and strengthens in the feedback effect the concept formation and term interpretation.

The term of the Metropolregion for Germany formally formulated by resolution of the conference of ministers for area planning of 8. March 1995. Already in first publication six "European Metropolregionen were designated ": Berlin/Brandenburg, Hamburg, Munich, Rhine Main, Rhine Ruhr and Stuttgart. These correspond partly also to the characterisation as Metropolregion with global radiant emittance (megacity). The Saxonia triangle as regional area is designated ebenda, further four Metropolregionen are already designated on 28 April 2005.

In the realization that structural development should take place in the framework from regions with international radiant emittance, the sense "of the Metropolregionseins developed "to the self runner. In its consequence further regions strive to form itself than Metropolregion in the sense of the space politics and besides promotion on federal level too ergattern. In addition the transformation of the Ruhr district of the local federation belongs to the legally more independent regional association Ruhr. With the Metropolregion Hamburg further cities try to be taken up to the original federation.

Also substantially smaller German population centres try now, than European Metropolregion in the sense of the MKRO (conference of ministers for area planning) too qualify. In the course of the shaping as Metropolregion it quite comes to friction losses. With Metropolregionen such as Berlin, naturally grown, the common mode of the political events follows simply only the actual common mode in the economic and cultural life of the region. Where the policy precedes the life however, there will conflicting interests obligatorily smoothed by the social life, but must with difficulty at the table be negotiated.