By the term migration from the land (rural urbane mobility) one understands the drift of the rural population into the cities, like e.g. also in China.Um 1800 generally lived only about 3% of the German population in large cities and approximately 3/4 on the country, but the living conditions were not always simple there. It became increasingly heavier to nourish itself. The enormous population rise at this time worsened the situation of the rural population strongly and also farmer release (with that the rural lower layer its Mr. and associated also protection and connection lost) contributed to the fact that for example harvest failures had fatal consequences (plundering, theft, force, etc.). This depletion ("“Pauperismus"”) led among other things to the fact that humans - in hope for better living conditions - at the beginning of the industrialization (19. Century) of the rurally coined/shaped areas into the urban population centres drew. Many of them were unemployed persons handicraft-associate, who suffered from the stormy growth of the industrial cities. While there in the year 1800 only approximately 80,000 Manufakturarbeiter (the term "“factory hand"” often used in this connection is directly wrong, since at this time in Germany still no factories existed) were, this number of 1800 rose - 1910 to the 100-fache (8 million). The population growth of the cities of the later German one of Reich developed thereby only after 1850 above average - previous for the 1740er years population growth in the country had already been.

This a people migration similar process brought many consequences with itself. A further group of those, which looked for their luck in the large cities, were possessionless workers and become impoverished Kleinbauern. These two groups formed together the new social class of the Industrieproletariats. Although they were legally free, they did not have however own means of production (machines, devices, etc.), therefore they had to try as hired hands to nourish their family which however in view of the long work times and the low wages was almost impossible. These bad work and living conditions led shortly thereafter to the "“social question"”.

Today migration from the land happens particularly in states with expanding industries, in addition, in countries, whose rural regions are systematically underdeveloped or devastated by war and/or civil war. In these countries rapidly growing towns with millions of inhabitants with frequently hardly a visible or controllable land development develop. Examples of such cities are Istanbul (Turkey, also between 8-16 million inhabitants, Lagos (Nigeria, approx. 14. Millions) or Mexico city (Mexico, 18 million). The conditions in these new megacities are frequently in many aspects catastrophically (S.A. Slums), but more attractive for the landfleeing for the reasons mentioned still than in their origin region. Migration from the land is as Binnenmigration for many humans the first step of the emigration. This form of the far moving is called also chain migration.

In addition, in the industrial nations there is today a migration from the land. One of the reasons is the reduction of the agriculture. Opposite however jobs are missing. Also the infrastructure is not placed as in such regions due to higher costs and smaller profitability fast to the order, as within the urban range. Here the policy is demanded to intervene steering over tax exemptions and subsidization of the infrastructure which often contradicts however on the other hand a free free-market economy.

The opposite of the migration from the land is the exodus from the cities, with which nowadays usually good-earning central layer families leave the cities, in order to settle in suburbs or in the surrounding countryside.

see also

Mountain escape

Articles in category "Migration from the land"

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