As mold fungi one summarizes a systematically heterogeneous group of mushrooms (Fungi) in the microbiology, which won special meaning due to their way of life in certain ecological niches for humans.

Characteristic, spreading and kinds

Mold fungi are as fibrous, flockiger or dusty, whitish, grey, bluish-greener, yellowish, reddish, brownish or blackish coat on mostly liveless bodies of the most diverse kind. Damp air promotes thereby its propagation. Often mold fungi on organic substances begin to usury, if these are subject to a rot. First a structure, the Mycel forms from one coincidentally on the document mold fungus Spore pleased. This consists of microscopically small, long, thin, often branched out mushroom threads (Hyphen), which spread from individual points generally centrifugally. At its point this Hyphen with large speed continues to grow, so that the mould over-rampantly grows pretty often rapidly large surfaces.

Well-known mold fungus kinds are Mucor Rhizopus (common bread mould), Aspergillus (watering can mould), Cladosporium, Penicillium (Pinselschimmel) and Alternaria.

All mold fungi nourish themselves of organic material. They rank among the heterotrophen organisms. When nourishing basis all possible organic materials serve, like them for example in putrid-end fruits, in which in the grain, in in the ground, in the wood, in the excrement, in dust grains or even in plastics seem to jam, in old bread. Some mold fungi grow even on leathers.

Mold fungi and the Toxine already produced on the Weintraube can be a large problem during the wine production.

Reproduction

The Vermehrung is mostly made on ungeschlechtlichem way by Sporen, which are present everywhere in air and are called with mould-forming hose mushrooms - as for instance Aspergillus or Penicillium - Konidien. In addition the produces itself after some time numerous vertically Sonderhyphen raising from the surface, the . These are arranged with the individual kinds differently and consist of Hyphen branched out often closely, which look when weak enlargement like a small forest. At the outside branchings of this "„forest "“, which becomes Sterigmen, plentifully Sporen (Konidien) in an educated manner, which rise up outward chain-shaped in line. The mould accepts a rather dusty condition in this period.

With the mould-forming Mucorales, which belong to the Zygomyceten, the education often takes place rope that from Sporen in the Sporangien, spherical humps at the end of

Mold fungi need nutrients and humidity for growth above all. Besides affect the oxygen offer, the temperatures, the pH value and further factors growth of mold fungi.

good mould/harmful mould

The term "„mould "“one names above all the superficially visible excrescences of the mold fungi, thus mostly their Konidien or more rarely also their Mycel.

One can between harmful mold fungi (dry rot) and useful forms (e.g. Noble mould on cheese) differentiate. Primarily harmful mold fungi, which produce Mykotoxine, are indirect can nearly all mushrooms due to the all towards work. Mold fungi can harm therefore in different way the human condition:

• Their Sporen can cause allergische reactions with sensitive humans.
• Stoffwechselprodukte of mold fungi as well as the cell wall components (Glukane) can work toxically (malicious). An example for this is "„the curse of the Pharao "“, which is attributed to the mold fungus Aspergillus flavus.
• They can cause infections of the respiratory system as well as asthma (see Aspergillose). This plays particularly with immune-weakened humans a role.
• They can represent a substantial smelling nuisance.

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