Moonlighting is to be announced working against payment without this work and exhausted without national deliveries. The work contracts are agreed upon very most verbally and repay bar paid. Estimations over the portion of moonlighting of the entire gross domestic product (GROS DOMESTIC PRODUCT) in Western European national economies vary strongly with a portion of 0,5-20 per cent.

Moonlighting is a part of the shadow economy, however inadmissibly pretty often with this is equated.

Extent

January 2005 numbers of the economist Professor Friedrich cutter (University of Linz) and the institute for applied economic research (IAW) published at the end of - whose methodically caused is granted also by the authors themselves - to put for the first time a decrease of the moonlighting near. While in the year 2003 still estimated 370.0 billion euro flowed in the shadow economy, this amount sank 2004 on 356,1 billion euro. Also for the year 2005 by the scientists a further decrease on 346,2 billion euro is expected. That would mean opposite 2003 a decrease of 6,4 per cent. In the international comparison with 20 further OECD countries the Federal Republic of Germany with the portion of the shadow economy lies in relation to the gross inland product in the centre zone. The achievements gained by the shadow economy become estimated for the year 2004 on 16,2 per cent of the actual gross inland product. For 2005 a decrease on 15,6 per cent is expected.

As reasons for this decrease the scientists indicate the different reform measures of the Federal Government in their studies in the last years, by this in particular the extended mini job regulations, loosening the protection against dismissal for smaller enterprises, the extension of the average number of hours worked per week, the reorganization of the handicraft ordinance and the made reductions of taxes. Likewise the scientists attribute a part of success to the moonlighting fight law with the fight of the shadow economy.

Both the numbers of Professor Schneider and its adjustment on neoliberale Politiken for the fight against moonlighting can be seen critical. The Rockwool donation in Copenhagen estimates that within the European union the portion of moonlighting of the GROS DOMESTIC PRODUCT lies between 1,2% in Great Britain and 4.1% in Germany, if as fixed in the tariff wages in the legal sector are taken as a basis as comparison. If one takes however the material disbursed wages as basis, this portion is reduced to 0,6% in GB and/or to 1,3% in Germany. The range of the moonlighting in Germany would be thereby below 30 billion euro.

In the past years also in the media number of 370 spreads billion euro of annual moonlighting would correspond to a work of 9 million fully qualified workers, who would have to work continuous without vacation weekly 40 hours to a hourly rate of 20 euro black. Moonlighters/inside would have to meet thereafter everyone at every step and turn.

Law for the fight of the moonlighting

In "“law for the fight of the moonlighting and illegal occupation"” from 23 July 2004 moonlighting is legal-defined. Emphasis is thereby no more the formal order offence against handicraft or trade and industrial regulations, but the Vertoss against tax or social security right. In detail: Therefore it concerns the practice of serving or work achievements:

A) under offence against tax law

b) under offence against social security right

C) under evasion of the report obligation opposite the work and Sozialamt,

D) Practice of a trade of handicraft without registration of a trade /Eintragung into the handicrafts register

Assistance by member or life partner as well as in form of the neighbourhood assistance, complaisance or self-help remains further permissible, if they are not lastingly directed toward profit.

Fight of the moonlighting

For the fight of the moonlighting the federal customs administration is together with the regional administrative bodies (e.g. districts and circle-free cities) responsible since 1 January 2004 in Germany. The responsible work area tariff is represented the financial control moonlighting (FK) with one center in Cologne and 113 locations in Germany. 2004 intensified the Federal Government, with the bundling of the pursuit competence of the federal agency for work during the customs administration. Now altogether 7,000 persons employed, mainly from other authorities, are to fight end of 2005 lastingly moonlighting.

Statistic data for the fight of the moonlighting and the illegal occupation by the customs administration

Fight of the moonlighting by the municipalities

Offences because of "“bad handicraft practice"”, because of "“missing registration of a trade"” or "“missing travel trade map"” do not fall into the scope of responsibility of the tariff. Here the districts and cities are responsible. In the Federal Republic of Germany at present about 15,000 coworkers (in the municipalities) are active for the pursuit of offences against the handicraft ordinance and the trade and industrial regulations.

During the fight of this kind of the moonlighting the Gifhorner in such a way specified model received country widely attention. Here it goes imposing not only penalties pointing but ways out into the legality.

Fundamental of the moonlighting by changes of system

Main cause of the moonlighting is the social system, with which social costs are put down on the wages and first from the employer are already exhausted. Thus it comes to a very large difference between the accounting wages of the enterprises to the client on the one hand and the net wage of the employee on the other hand.

See also

• House personnel, also to the old person care

Austria

In Austria for the moonlighting the term bungle is used.

Literature

• Friedrich cutter/Dominik Enste (2000): Shadow economy and moonlighting, Oldenbourg publishing house, ISBN 3486253573
• Lars P. field and Claus Larsen (2005): Black Activities in Germany in 2001 and in 2004, Rockwool Foundation, Copenhagen.
• Walter A.S. cook (2005): The moonlighting , in: Restaurant economics 11/2005, P. 715-723, Abstract. For this: Replication by Professor Schneider (pdf)

Related links

• Homepage of the tariff to moonlighting
• Pdf document; "„Practices of informal economics: Explorative studies from Berlin and North American cities "“(1.6 MT)
• Ulrich Sedlaczek: '' Moonlighting in Germany or the long shade of Professor Schneider ''
• Law for the fight of the moonlighting and illegal occupation (SchwarzArbG)
• FAZ.net, 13 September 2005: '' With search troops of the moonlighting on the trace '', with information for the computation of the overall economic extent of moonlighting

Articles in category "Moonlighting"

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