National property is a special form of property.

Examples of national property are to be found particularly with raw materials. Thus nature (air to breathing, the sun and the wind and the sea) does not belong to anybody particularly separates everything together. There are also countries in those the forests, lakes or the beach national property is. So the beach may not be cultivated or be stressed by a hotel alone in Tunesien.

In earlier time also the Dorfaue belonged to the village people, so that it could its cattle to the pasture bring there without the poorer farmers the rich farmers or for it had to pay the church.

Contrary to the state property or property to the crown this property belongs not to the state and can therefore also not as desired by this be sold, but by this and/or a country or a municipality is only administered.

In the GDR

In the GDR the national property was a special form of property. It formed the social or also socialist property together with the genossenschaftlichen property. This again stood in contrast on the one hand to the personal property at consumer goods and on the other hand to the private property at means of production, which is usual in capitalism and its forerunner forms.

The national property was inalienably, unbeleihbar and in special way criminally protected. Official owner were thereby all humans. The idea behind the national property was that socially useful things, above all not the well-being individually, should serve means of production and infrastructure facilities but the well-being of the public. In the 80's-years the entire industry of the GDR was almost state-owned, among them about 8000 state-owned enterprises and collective combines, which led the title VEB.

Completely in national property in this sense were transferred in the GDR mines, waters, nature wealth, power stations, banks, insurance, means of transport, traffic routes, aviation, navigation, post office and telecommunication system as well as in the long run all industrial companies.

The national property resulted to a large extent from remunerationless expropriation of fascists, war criminals and large basic owners so mentioned. Later expropriations of medium-size enterprises were accomplished national obligation participation, with which the state secured itself the majority, and following out urge of the old owners first over. Up to the establishment 1949 already about half of all means of production had been transferred of the GDR in people and common property, since the SED Parteitagsbeschluss for the "“building up of socialism"” from 1952 the socialization strengthened continued.

Criticism at the national property

To the national property is frequently accused only to the light property of the people to have been. Rather it was an ideologically name for state property. Indeed many humans in the GDR did not identify themselves with their national property. The moreover one control of the national property proceeded from the state, which was not identical to the entire people due to the claim to leadership of the SED. Nevertheless an equating with state property is to be met not absolutely, particularly since the latter can be for sale.

The GDR guidance was quite conscious itself of the legally precarious situation, so that the people property could not be sold because of the possibility of later return or in the course of one into the 60's-years for German combination possible held.

After the reunification

National property as legal form did not seem to the FRG in the right and during the German reunification was not also introduced. Rather the national property of the population of GDR was taken and changed now into conventional state property. Agreement between CDU and SPD prevailed over the fact that it should be denationalized to a large extent soon and for the cancellation and/or remuneration of the up to then remunerationless expropriations should serve. Since the Federal Republic of Germany was right successor of the GDR, it had to count anyway on rehablitation complaints in the context of the own juridical system.

While the SPD expected thereby proceeds of at least 500 billion D-mark for the national budget, the CDU governing at that time followed the demands of the expropriated old owners, and/or their descendants and ensured with the action "„injustice GDR "“for the return of the objects and/or in exceptional cases for appropriate remunerations. Besides machines and whole enterprises were comparatively inexpensive sold. Altogether the state with the privatisation actions did not make a profit, but 270 billion D-mark loss. It was however ignored that the expropriated old owner fled emigrated from the GDR into the FRG and/or decades ago in the FRG it had been already compensated and therefore no more requirement insisted on a return.

Today it is a wide-spread opinion, the industry of the GDR at the time of the reunification "„"“was scrap iron ripe. The truth content of this statement however denied of some, so e.g. of Ralph Hartmann in its book "„with the GDR in the year 2000 "“.

See also:

• State-owned enterprise (VEB)
• State-owned collective combine (VEK)
• State-owned property (VEG)

Articles in category "National property"

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Related Websites

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