The instruments of NPM should be represented more clearly, history from NPM to be revised and the per and Contrapositionen be more clearly separated and than such marked. See discussion side revision suggestion 84.72.88.8 14:31, to 24 February 2006 (CET)

The term new public management () or English new Public management (NPM) designates a direction within the administrative reform and state modernization, which are based on the assumption of private-economical management techniques. A goal is a more efficient administration by introduction of economical efficiency criteria. Characterized the NPM is total by key words such as project management, flat hierarchies, customer orientation, goal agreements, change of the official status, Entpolitisierung of the administration and by English expressions like slim management (lean management), quality management, Benchmarking and Contracting Out.

NPM has anglo American origins. It is to a large extent a reaction to the "“financing crisis of the administered welfare state"” (Klaus king) and comes of the 1980er years with their dominance of restaurant economics governments, in particular the policy of Margaret Thatcher, came however only into the 1990er years to full bloom. Many reform beginnings were resumed also by social-democratic successor craving (Tony Blair) in substantial points.

Occasionally one accuses to the NPM to proceed from the equality or nevertheless large similarity with state and private sector. However on the one hand its force monopoly marks the state. On the other hand national acting has itself to orient at the public interest; the commercial world marks in contrast to this a striving for maximization of profit. However here it is surveyed that NPM beginnings can be transferred also to the public sector, without also the goal of the maximization of profit is maintained.

Nevertheless there are critical voices, which criticize an adjustment of national acting at economical efficiency criteria, as it would have to happen in accordance with the core idea of the NPM.

From the new Public management one expected to decrease the over of the state to simplify the operational operational sequence in the public sector to accelerate, for the citizen more transparent and thus more understandable to make, and the response times to detailed inquiries (for example within the range of the state taxes) to shorten. It was the logical reaction of all those, which complained about to high control items and Verschwendung of the tax fundses.

In practice NPM could not itself intersperse so far on full line: Current empirical investigations seem to prove that NPM reforms themselves partly brought no substanziellen improvement based on purely economical criteria. The reason for this is among other things that these reforms usually never proceeded from real economic understanding and created e.g. within administrations of quasi-markets, in order to achieve free market behavior. This comes however only into real and not into quasi, thus pseudo markets to carrying; it e.g. gives. , There also no free market are product monopolies and no free consumer choice. Here frequently not the economical concepts, but missing management knowledge are causal in the administration. Potenziale of the NPM remain thus frequently unused.

Problematic also an overall refusal of the NPM is by many administrations, since partial restructuring procedures are connected with NPM in the administration. Here thus conviction work must be carried out against one "„that was however always in such a way "“- for mentality also on the part of the policy.

At the beginning 21. Century at least in the theory the problem of the NPM became generally clear (examples of at least partial aspects of the administrative modernization in Switzerland (among other things six case studies plus inquiries with reform projects manager), succeeded, are in the book of Thom/cut (2004)), whereas it shows in practice, approximately in Germany on the level (local in particular) of the administrative reform and internationally by the concept of the Good Governance, still its effect. Today is the question of the administrative science, which realizations of modern management theories for administrative reforms under which circumstances can be taken over meaningfully.

In Germany substantial demands of the NPM are carried out regarding the internal-organizational changes in the so-called new control model, which was developed as reaction to the reform discussion of the nineties of the local community place for administrative management. So could obtain themselves for example with the introduction of strategic management ideas to administrations by the Balanced Scorecard substantial advantages for citizens, administrative coworkers and administrative line. In Germany some NPM beginnings frequently still fail because of to close legal defaults, which could be already overcome in other states.

Reference works

• Dietrich: Public management. Concepts and procedures for the modernization of public administrations (modernization of the public sector, Bd. 2), Berlin 1994
• Edeling, Th. among other things (Hg.): Public and private management. Fundamentally alike in universe Unimportant , Opladen 1998
• G.: Bases new publication IC management, 2000
• King, K.:

Resuming literature

• Debicki, Marek: "“Public service in A Corporate World - The Dangers OF Managerialism as A Tool for Public administration."” In Jane Finlay and Marek Debicki, Hgg.: Delivering Public services in CEE Countries: Trend and development, Bratislava 2003:27 - 36.
• Evans, Peter and James E. smoke (1999). "“Bureaucracy and Growth: A CROSS-national analysis OF the Effectiveness OF "“Weberian"” State Structures on Economic Growth."” American Sociological Review 64 (1999): 748-765.
• Haque, M. Shamsul: "“The Diminishing Publicness OF Public service more under the Current mode OF Governance."”. Public administration Review 61,1 (2001): 65-82.
• Koldo: Government Modernization and civil service reform: Democratic Strengthening, Consolidation OF the Rule OF Law, and Public Policy Effectiveness. : Inter-American Development Bank, RPD PMTN PAPER. Washington, DC 2001.
• Kickert, walter J.M., Hg.: Public management and administrative reform in Western Europe. Cheltenham - Northampton, mA 1997. (In it bes. Kickert, "“Public management into the United States and Europe"”: 15-38; King, "“Entrepreneurial management or Executive administration: The Perspective OF Classical Public administration"”: 213-232; WRIGHT, "“The of paradox OF administrative reform"”: 7-13.)
• Laux, Eberhard: Of the administration. Contributions for state organisation and to the local nature. Baden-Baden 1993. (In it bes. "“Bureaucracy criticism and administrative simplification"”: 326-345 and "“task development and personnel requirements in the public administration"”: 249-269.)
• Manning, nod: "“The new Public management & Its Legacy."” "“Administrative ones & civil service reform"”
• Mintzberg, Henry: "“Managing Government - Governing management."” Harvard Business Review May June 1996:75 - 83.
• Peter, B. Guy and Donald J. Savoie: "“Civil service reform: Misdiagnosing the patient."” Public administration Review 54,5 (1994): 418-425.
• Polling CCIT, Christopher and Geert Bouckaert. Public management reform. A Comparative analysis. Oxford 2000.
• Rama, (1999): "“Public second gate Downsizing: At Introduction."” The World bank Economic Review 13,1 (1999): 1-22.
• Gutter, Jeffrey with Bert skirt man: "“Winners & Losers."” "“Administrative ones & civil service reform"”
• Samier, Eugenie: "“Demandarinisation into the new Public management: Examining Changing administrative Authority from A Weberian Perspective."” In Edith Hanke and Wolfgang J. Mommsen, Hgg.: Max weber rule sociology. Studies for the emergence and effect. 2001:235 - 263.
• Schedler, Kuno and Proeller, Isabelle: "“New Public management"”. Head, Berne 2003.
• Seibel, Wolfgang: "“Administrative Science as reform: German Public administration."” Public administration Review 56,1 (1996): 74-81.
• Urgent Business for America. Revitalizing the Federal Government for the 21st Century. Report OF the national Commission on the Public service. Washington, DC 2003.
• Verheijen, Tony and David Coombes, Hgg. Innovation in Public management. Cheltenham - Northampton, mA 1998.
• Wilson, James Q.: "“Reinventing Public administration."” HP: Political Science & Politics, 27,4 (1994): 667-673.

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