Baumschuler (correct designation: Gardner/a gardener of the field "„nursery garden "“) is also a teaching profession. Since the specialization in production increases on the one hand and sales on the other hand also with the nursery gardens ever more, it gives to Bavaria and Nordrhein-Westfalen the possibility of concentration "“sales and consultation"” (so-called sales gardner) in the fields nursery garden (similarly also in the building of ornamental plants) in the German Lands of the Federal Republic since short.

Cultivation methods

The wood is tightened either from seed (Aussaat=generative Vermehrung) or from Stecklingen (vegetative Vermehrung), or it is improved and okuliert (roses, fruit wood). During the development of several years the plants are umgepflanzt several times (technical term: train), in order to offer to the plants their age and type of stature appropriate condition area. With container cultures the distances between the plants are increased accordingly through to move. The detailed cultivation methods are quite different for the multiplicity of tree school cultures.

Cultivated products

In nursery gardens the products vary strongly. Thus the desired trees differ first in the kind and thus also in the growth duration, the demand enclosure in addition, a broad spectrum at sizes. Trees fully attained full growth or also small are sold. Besides the operational areas vary. The predominant part of the trees is used as ornamental shrub. Fruit wood and forest wood are likewise meaning.

The Inverkehrbringen of tree species suitable of as forest plants is subject in Germany of strict legal defaults.

The most important cultivated coniferous trees are:

• Douglas fir
• White fir
• Forest Kiefer
• Larch

The most important cultivated deciduous trees are:

• Pedunculate oak
• Grape/cluster oak
• Roterle
• Red beech
• White beeches
• Mountain and pointed maple

History

The art of tightening wood from Stecklingen was probably brought by the Romans over the alps. In the Middle Ages plants were usually increased and cultivated in the monastery gardens. Since that 14. Prince gardens with own plant culture developed for century. After the war one tapered for the first time forests systematically by Setzlinge. Since the baroque time own nursery gardens at the yard gardens and with the parks of the aristocracy seats, which carried on trade far away, developed. Special assortments, like form wood e.g. cut, special Spalierformen, experienced a large bloom time. From the new world numerous rare pieces came to Central Europe, which still desired today and - bushes of our gardens and plants are. By the secularization many of these garden plants arrived including their nursery gardens in national possession and formed the basic stick of today's national lock administrations.

History of the tree school area in the circle Pinneberg

After the duke of Schleswig and count von Holstein, Christian had already issued VITH 1737 a regulation for the plant of "“living hedges"” (break) and 1785 in Kiel a "“practical auxiliary institute had been created for the closer knowledge of the native and strange wood plants"”, 1795 the crucial step followed: In this year that created Hamburg buyer baron Caspar Voght in small Flottbek (at that time still circle Pinneberg) the first nursery garden of the region. Its plant manager was a Scottish tree gardner James Booth. Around 1800 the commercial nursery garden Booth & CO developed from it can be regarded as the germ cell of the today's Schleswig Holsteiner of tree school area. The numerous gardners trained there settled later due to the good climatic and soil conditions in the region with own nursery gardens. The emergence of the Eisenbahnnetzes in the year 1850 and the proximity to Hamburg with its port led then to the fact that the plants could be sold also supraregional. 1887 began the nursery garden of cord with the rose breeding, soon followed roses Tantau in the year 1906. Starting from 1900 also the fruit-growing spread strongly. Only after the Second World War the nursery gardens began to use machines and plant protection agents. The nowadays largest closed tree school area of Europe (4,200 hectares) developed.

1994 the "“German tree school museum"” based, originally in Prisdorf, since 2001 is settled it in Pinneberg Thesdorf on the area of a former nursery garden (details in addition on the BdB Website).

Economical data

(Conditions: 2000 if differently does not note)

Total production surface (2000): 24,690 number of hectares of the enterprises: 3.779 (tendency decreasing) with approximately 28,000 person employed total production value: 1.3 billion EURExportleistung (2002): 75 millions EURPflanzenproduktion: approx. 1 billion plants/year

A relatively small number of it keeps house biologically: in Germany at present approx. 45 enterprises (of it only 2 in Schleswig-Holstein), usually assortment nursery gardens for the final sales, also after computer forecasts altogether about 370 hectares open land and/or 7 hectares of container surface (conditions 2003). That corresponds to a surface portion at the total production of 0,91%.

Problems

Nursery gardens are concerned due to the cultivation of homogeneous plants on large surfaces particularly the infestation through forest parasits (see Monokultur). In addition it belongs for example that in the soil larvae of the the called wire worms settle as for example the mouse-grey sand high-speed beetle. These larvae eat underground at the roots of young plants and seedlings. Even freshly laid out seeds as for example acorns do not remain spared by them. In addition, to the parasits the Gespinstblattwespen belongs, as for example the common Fichtengespinstblattwespe. Also the Kiefernkultur Gespinstblattwespe is to be found frequent in nursery gardens, however the damage caused by it is by far not as large as by the common Fichtengespinstblattwespe. Among the parasits which were afraid in nursery gardens also the small one and the large black trunk beetle rank.

Also the unwanted spreading of pathogens and parasits prepares large problems by international trade. The resistance of domestic plants opposite bacteria/viruses from other climate zones is often not given, to insects is missing the natural enemies.

Like many agricultural enterprises therefore also nursery gardens use if necessary fertilizers and Pestizide. This can represent an important environmental problem with inappropriate application. Particularly in the centers of the tree school economy, like e.g. in the circle Pinneberg, a exists for the groundwater, less because of the nitrogen fertilization, but particularly because of the use of plant protection agents. In the past for example during the chemical Bodenbehandlung against Nematodenbefall ("“soil tiredness"”) plant protection agent with the active substance components of 1,3-Dichlorpropen and 1,2-Dichlorpropan was used there. Although 1,2-Dichlorpropan is no longer certified because of small effectiveness since 1987 in Germany, one today still finds the material due to its high stability in soils and groundwater, partly comes it also to limit value excesses. As consequence Pinneberg several wells and whole water companies had to be shut down in the circle, and/or activated charcoal filter plants to be established.

By the so-called "“property technical practice"” and application after results of scientific attempts an environmental risk can be minimized however.

Since 2001 there is a "“co-ordination department ecological tree school economy Schleswig-Holstein"” in Schleswig-Holstein, the Land of the Federal Republic with the largest tree school surfaces, with seat in on-board cross-beam, which likewise serves the goal of reducing loads.

Biological nursery gardens work completely without chemical herbicides and Pestizide as well as without mineral fertilizers, use crop rotations, cultivation of intermediate fruit placed far and Mulchverfahren, as well as measures to the and thus try to develop itself an adjusting system.

Related links

• Federation of German nursery gardens (BdB)
• Working group ecological nursery gardens , union of biologically keeping house nursery gardens in Germany, Italy and Switzerland
• Information for tree school he training in Germany
• Bavarian national institute for viticulture and horticulture, technical and engineering school; Possibility for the acquisition of the "“tree school master"”
• Ecological fruit nursery gardens

See also: Tree, horticulture, agriculture, forestry

Articles in category "Nursery garden"

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