The term Obsoleszenz (obsolescence) designates the artificial or natural obsolescence of a product. The associated adjective obsolet designates generally becoming outdated, usually standards or therapies.

Forms of the Obsoleszenz

Planned Obsoleszenz

The planned Obsoleszenz is part of a product strategy. With the manufacture process into the product weak points are built or used raw materials by bad quality. The product will fast harming or incorrectly and cannot no more be used. This strategy should not pursue an enterprise, since the image damage resulting from it is very high.

Functional Obsoleszenz

By new requirements (e.g. by complementary products) the product cannot be used any longer in its entirety. This form arises particularly in the computer industry. (e.g. requirements of different computer games at certain versions of the operating system). As consequence the consumers react usually disconcerted and jump over one or more versions (Leap Frogging).

A further cause is of (usually electronic) construction units or termination of software Upgrades.

In particular long-term projects and long-lived economic goods are increasingly by such only cause foreseeable unavailability endangered.

In the Obsolescence management solutions for this problem are developed, among other things:

• Punctual information of the customers
• common development of substitutes
• Structure of camp for the measured all-time-requires, thus the entire in the future expected need.

Psychological Obsoleszenz

A product is not any longer wished, because it lost at popularity and is "“out"”. This is often done via mode trends. The product is however still without reservation usable actually.

Planned increased consumption

By appropriate organization of the product packing it is not possible, with those products, for wear is subject (all consumer goods) an increase of consumption to obtain. This is e.g. by a too large of bath salts (to high consumption) or by packing, not completely to empty leave themselves possible (Ketchupfla). Also by the early exchange of vehicle parts during an inspection a increased consumption arises, since the parts not until final wear are used.

Indirect wear

By changes of a construction unit a third construction unit becomes outdated faster, e.g. by degradation of an automatic controller can the passenger car battery become faster useless.

Planned system variations

Product novelties are equipped with independent accessory variants. This has the consequence that consumers, that would like to have the novelties must again-buy also the accessories. Examples are mirror reflex cameras, with which a new objective or flashlight must be bought, since past components are not compatible with the new devices.

Causes

• Saturation of the market feature (usually connected with falling-off in sales)
• Arrangement of the competitors (bes. with oligopolisierten markets)
• Prestige consumption (usually leads to premature product new purchase e.g. as indication of vocational efficiency)
• Expenditure competition and consumer passivism
• High (free) available income
• Limited transparency of the market (that the consumer products finds, the fewer prevent gepl. O. are subject)
• Growth orientation of the society

Jurisprudential term

A frequent reason for Obsoleszenz in legal regard is the fundamental change of state-legal conditions. Thus different standards stepped from the time of the third realm not repealed, were not however any longer used and in such a way than were obsolet regarded. An example for this is that the donation decree for the iron cross is still legal, the Federal President as responsible state organ this medal however any longer does not lend. The characteristic of the Obsoleszens is here state practice.

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